26 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 24. In. 07.

Honored Professor!

Your Materials is beautiful! I recently read a line. The clarity of your presentation is fascinating, and must, I think, be struck by the gods sevenfold blindness not to see finally. But the real psychiatrists and psychologists to manage all! I do not be surprised if the academic side is brought to this occasion all the platitudes fools we have already raised against you. I must often try to put in the time before the reformation of my mind to experience psychological reasons that are raised against you. Long ago that I do not understand more. My thought then seems not only incorrect and incomplete in terms of understanding, but in truth also poor moral; it now seems like a great dishonesty to myself. You have probably perfectly right in seeking affects the resistance of opponents, especially affects sexual. I am extremely excited to see that the complex sexual tell your public Materials, Yet although harmless in this regard. What I am most angry, it would simply treating it with kindness. Jensen said that ⁽¹⁾ itself?

Can I ask you to tell me during what judgment you reserve literary side? A question that you put it down, open, and whose criticism may seize, is why the complex is repressed in Hanold. Why did he leave not carry on track with the singing of canaries and other perceptions?

The role of the bird is also fun. It is in any case for reasons of intelligibility that you did not go further in the direction of this symbol. Do you know the work of Steintlhal (2) the mythology of the bird?

My two silent pauses of recent times is due to the fact that I'm overworked. P^r Bleuler is ill and is in the bathroom for three weeks. During this time I have with me the school management and many other things. I recently made a little more work ⁽³⁾, "way annex", as you would. I had to prove something accurate about reproductive disorders, that goes without saying for you, Moreover, as for me; but you can not write in large letters on the back of these pachyderms, they do not understand. I will send you all the same thing later and you soustrairai not forgetfulness, as my last work on English exams galvanometer ⁽⁴⁾. My subconscious felt unpleasantly affected, Vienna, what you did not pay our electric exams interest their rightful. The revenge that was to come one day. Late finding!

I'm busy lately discussing Bezzola, also unsatisfactory manner. I examined his case and I myself tried repeatedly. This is the original method of Breuer-Freud, reinforced in the direction of hypnosis. It provides people with a mask and made him relate mainly visual images. It leaves many elements traumatic, it is repeated until they are exhausted. Good results, As far as I could control.

Many people subjected to testing begin in a state of self-hypnosis and sleep-live trauma. It seems to me that there was also confabulé, at least that's what my six year old child that I currently handles; she tells stories purely confabulées and avoids traumatic elements with extreme care. Among uneducated people I've had failures so far with this method. Frank focuses attention by suggestion in hypnosis the traumatic element (provided that there is a!) and a living repeatedly, until exhaustion. The effect of the two methods is not quite understandable for me. I suspect that both spend more or less next to the transposition accompanying. In one of my cases, I treated and, thing was clear to me; woman rented primarily the kindness with which I was interested in his business. I tormented for another two sessions without having any visual image, and it is only when I directly asked about dreams and sexuality she began to come alive. That there was wrong with it, Bezzola is that opposes you in blindness deepest, and it has also begun to lie about me. You better recognized its me - a little soul and […]. Resistance and division in your own camp there are worse.

Your Materials Bleuler said it was wonderful - is that these connections do exist in it, or you could put them anywhere? This sting still bites occasionally in Bleuler, but it is harmless. He is currently writing his work on dem. praec., that one is entitled to expect with impatience. It ensures the continuation of the great "battle Freudian".

In the last issue of the Journal of the entire criminal jurisprudence [General Review of Penal Law], Heilbronner ⁵ Utrecht submitted the diagnosis of de facto ⁶ a detailed critique. I'll send along the critical Isserlin. Receive, honored Mr. Pro-fessor, Best greetings from your always devoted

Young.

1. Wilhelm Jensen (1837-1911), German playwright and novelist, native of Holstein, which was read to the very time. See the postscript to his study of Freud on Materials.

2. Heymann Steinthal (1823-1899), German philosopher and philologist, which Jung often cited work in Metamorphoses and symbols of libido. Steinthal was the editor of the Journal of social psychology and linguistics [Journal of Psychology of peoples and linguistic], Berlin. See his essay The original form of the legend of Prometheus. [The original form of the legend of Prometheus], ibid., flight. II, 1862, p. 5 and 20 sq., where he discusses the symbolism of the bird. See also 27 F n. 7.

3. "On the reproduction failure in association experiment» [On the disorders of reproduction in the experience of association], Journal of Psychology and Neurology, flight. IX, 1907, G.W., 2.

4- Cf. 19 J, n. 2.

5. Karl Heilbronner, "The foundations of psychological Tatbes- dental diagnostics » [The foundations of psychological diagnosis for the establishment of the facts], flight. XXVII, 1907. Heilbronner (1869-1914), German psychiatrist, directed the University Hospital Utrecht.

6. "The Psychological Diagnosis of Evidence» [The psychological diagnosis for the establishment of the facts in judicial matters], Legal-psychiatric border issues, flight. IV, 1906, G.W., 2.

25 F

23 may 07.

Dear and honored colleague,

Because you make me wait so long for a response to the Materials, I have to believe that you are deeply engaged in the work of the dem. pr., and I do not want to wait any longer my information.

I see two problems in your writing : a) shall mean that the retraction of the libido away from the object, b) What are the differences between the paranoid projection outside and other projections. I'll tell you what I think.

a) I do not think not the libido withdraws from the real object to fall on the representation fantasy replacement, with which it conducts its game then auto-erotic. According to the meaning of words indeed, it is not auto-erotic as long as an object, that is a real object or fantasy. I believe instead that the libido leaves the object representation, which, by precisely devoid of investment designated as the inner, can be treated as a perception and projected outward. It can then be allowed so to speak coldly for a moment, and subjected to the test of reality usual. "They told me I like coitus. Well they say, but it is not true. "The successful repression would far, libido manifests itself then become free of any auto-erotic as in childhood. - I think all our misunderstandings arise because I do not have enough accentuated the process in two, decomposition of delivery and return of libido libido.

We can then build 3 case. 1) Repression by the process described successfully permanent, then this is the course that seems characteristic of the dem. pr. The projected object representation appears perhaps only temporarily in’ "Delusion", libido definitely runs in auto-eroticism, impoverishes the psyche as if you know exactly.

2) Or else, upon return of libido (failure of the projection), only a portion is directed Towards auto-eroticism, Another new research subject, which must now be found at the end perceptual, and that is treated as a perception. Then the delusion becomes more urgent, contradiction against her increasingly violent, and all combat defense comes again, as rejection of reality (repression turns into rejection [Rejection]), and this may continue for a period, until finally the newly incoming libido is still thrown to the auto-erotic, or in part is permanently fixed in the delirium of desire against the projected object. This is, in proportions varying mixtures, the course of the dem. praecox in the paranoid, If certainly the most impure and the most common,

3) Or the delivery fails completely, after reaching a while the projection object of desire. Libido newly incoming wins now become the object perception, produces extremely strong delusions, libido changes to belief, secondary processing of my trips; women also hides the paranoia, in which auto-eroticism fails to be fully, but the mechanism is, however, explained that through this series up to the dem. pr. complete.

These three patterns that I represent. You'll see what we can prove clinically, thus bringing into existence. I look for now that it is in the dem. pr. the return to pure auto-eroticism is doing the best. What you say is indeed conclusive! I repeat here in passing that I do not believe that the known mechanisms are demonstrable in dem. pr. and not in real paranoia as Bleuler thought.

b) Less clear, because I lack the fresh impressions, are my ideas on the problem (b), how is the paranoid projection from the hysterical projection and projection in amentia. It is certainly in the latter we have the hallucinatory fulfillment purest, where the image of the desired object perception becomes directly, by regression, - Discharge with no libido overvalued. Refoulement concerns me here instead the opponent and reality. There is not here either reversing the sign, pleasure is pleasure, it is not changed in displeasure as paranoia. So for this type - see my analysis of the past ⁽¹⁾ - Two characteristics : not discharge the desired object, subtract libido (with excessive force) to the object representation. This is also undergoing a reversal, a prolonged struggle and not a chronic paranoia as in (the. pr.).

In hysteria, the analogous process, hallucination of the idea of ​​what is desired with the subjugation me, occurs, as episode short in crisis, by regression from the object representation to the perception overvalued. Lability that characterizes hysteria. The repressed becomes, only temporarily, displacing the. During its course, any hysteria can become acutely psychotic hallucinations of the above-mentioned species.

In paranoia (which is the theoretical; the. pr. effect appears to be primarily a term clinical), representation of the desired object is never made directly, or by means of regression, due to excessive investment of libido. Here we have the first delivery through the projection, with libidinous investment diminished, and only secondarily on reinforcement by hallucination libido back after discharge. I must say, even if it is demonstrable that a good scheme, the regression and projection are two different processes, which also take different paths. Which is also characteristic of paranoia, is that the regression fades as; the idea of ​​what is desired is seen as word heard, and not as visual image; So it comes, by capacity-, thought processes. Visual hallucinations, certainly secondary, I still do not, it looks like a secondary regression.

The Destins of libido, where it is localized in relation to me and to the object, and variations in discharge regarding libido, and also the chronological thereof, this is what should be the characteristic of neuropsychoses [Neuropsychosen] and psychosis.

After these things more than difficult, something more comfortable. From your six year old girl you will definitely learned that the attack is a fantasy become aware, as we discovered during regular analysis, and as they have led me to recognize common sexual trauma in childhood. The therapeutic task is then to find the sources from which the child has reached his sexual knowledge. Children usually give little indication, but confirm what was said and that they guessed. Research in the family is essential. If it succeeds, This analysis gives the most challenging.

I must add something to Bleuler. Auto-eroticism is yet unequivocally identified in Three trials. Mentally, if you want, negatively. The fact that the child does not speak just as he starts to immediately and fully in the full transfer, as your observation also shows.

My patient is very informative Görlitz, as any errors. Everything was still in effect recognized, and dem. pr. is added. Mon Gymnasien, I speak of the Materials, who fled to the geometry, showed the best obsessional symptoms, the most beautiful fantasies. Also remained infantile in his genitals. I saw him there a few months, in demented apathetic.

With my cordial greetings and waiting for your answer,

Your cordially dedicated

D^r Freud.

24 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 13. In. 07.

Honored Professor!

Above all, I urge you to forgive me for the long break I am permitted. I could not not write Vou-lais earlier, to see a little clearer. I really wanted to first welcome and fully assimilate your notes on paranoia. First, the chronic! You will soon learn that assistant kraepelinien ⁽¹⁾ I was killed in the Zentralblatt Gaupp of a book review on dem. pr.. You are naturally included. It is touching seeing as he struggles all around the helpless thing. If you do not have the Zentralblatt, I can send you to build the handout I received. He nevertheless had to write explicit work on it. Now at least one draws with guns. But in the end the case was once again the effect on me, because I see that it is infinitely difficult to communicate your ideas to the people.

The auto-eroticism another triumph to bring to its active. We recently succeeded analysis in a catatonic cultivated and highly intelligent, which has a very good look. She walks always stiff and without affect and can with difficulty keep it in a good department, because it occasionally filthy with excrement. She told us spontaneously since she got sick, it becomes in his thought as a child, that old childhood memories emerge en masse, where she completely loses. When she defiled with excrement, it is simply the idea (in a state close to’ "No thoughts") do not sit on the seat of the cabi-net, but to defecate on a paper on the floor. Ble remarkable thing, she did that as a child. She had then, dit-elle, constipation and is too tired on the seat; she then began to defecate still on paper. The disease appeared also excited states local, with masturbation. Significantly, sexuality sensu strictiori does not at all on the psyche, but is in most cases local and is perceived as something alien and unwelcome, or at least it does not produce corresponding discharge.

I thought many times your "views on paranoia", also accompanied by Bleuler. The delusion that takes its origin in affect (= libido), that we are quite understandable. It seems to me that your explanation of the "outward projection" you can hear the genesis of the idea of ​​persecution. But in the d. pr. everything is projected outwardly. Delusions usually involve a mixture of disordered wish-fulfillment and obstacles. Up to now, I've always found the illuminating analogy : the ecstatic religious, wishing divinity, sees himself one day filled with the vision of divinity. But the contradiction with reality brings also the opposite : certainty is doubt, the devil and god sublimated sexual pleasure sexual anxiety mystical union, with all its historical ghosts. Here we see how desire creates directly outward projection, because there is a desire to reality. One can often find the same desire [Wish] in the unconscious of paranoid, except that the contrast tends to objectify. Persecution is then often simply compensated by a feeling of grandeur, happens less often to produce objectivations. In the paranoid dem. pr. however, the fulfillment of desire is much more frequent. When you say that the libido withdraws from the object, you probably want to say that it withdraws from the’real object reasons for normal delivery (obstacles, obvious impossibility of the fulfillment, etc.) and it turns to a fantasy of reality markdown, with which she begins her game auto-erotic classic. Projection towards the end of the original desire emanates perceptual reality, that, If it is impracticable, its reality is created on the hallucinatory mode. Only it succeeds in psychosis wrong, in that only the contrast is expressed objectively. Where did it come from? it is not yet quite clear to me, perhaps that the contrast component is reinforced by the normal component correction. I am extraordinarily grateful for any corrections you make to my design. It is only there that I hope to bring you.

Bleuler still lacks a clear definition of self- eroticism and its psychological effects specific. However, he accepted the concept for the presentation of the dem. pr. in the manual ² d'Aschaffenburg. It does not mean, however autoerotism (for reasons known), but "autism" or "ipsisme". To me, I'm already used to "auto-eroticism".

Your patient Görlitz now catatonic symptoms unmistakable level auto-erotic Lowest, it stains. This is what his father wrote me recently. A psychological treatment, even a simple analysis are totally excluded, Unfortunately, as I see it quite often in our daily catatonic.

Maeder ⁽³⁾ has now published analyzes of dreams in the past Archives of Psychology.

Here I also get your Materials (3). Please accept my heartfelt thanks ! I immediately put myself reading eagerly.

I am now in analytical treatment of a girl six years with excessive masturbation and Lies, after an alleged seduction by his foster father. The thing is very complicated ! Do you have experience with such small children? Except representation entirely without color and without trauma affects the consciousness, I did manage to get either spontaneously or by any suggestion abreaction accompanied affect. Currently, it seems that the trauma is a deception. But where the child knows all the stories she sex? Hypnosis is good and deep, but prevents the child with the greatest innocence all suggestions to represent the trauma. There is meaningful that this : in the first session she spontaneously hallucinating one - "small sausage roasting, whose wife said she was becoming bigger - ". When I asked where she saw so sausage, the child said quickly "on Mr. Doctor! "So everything you could want in fact transposition. But since the sex is completely blocked. No sign of d. pr. !

With lots of friendly greetings, Your most devoted

Young.

2. Cf. 272 J, n. 7.

3. Alphonse E. Maeder, "Test interpretation of some dreams", Archives of Psychology, flight. WE, 1906. Maeder (1882-1971), psychotherapy therapist Swiss, for some time president of the Zurich psychoanalytic, Jung followed after the break with Freud latter; later, Maeder developed a technical analysis short and joined the Oxford Movement.

4- Delusions and Dreams in "Gradiva" W. Jensen. Ed. orig. : Journals in applied psychology, fasc. 1, Leipzig et Vienne 1907. Ed. franç., Paris, 1971. Cf. Jones, II, p. 362. : "It was Jung who drew attention [of Freud] on this story, and it was, According to Jung, wrote his little book on purpose to make him happy. "This correspondence supports this assertion, however, affect; Perhaps he confuses the Jones Materials with the volume of new About Powers [Higher powers] the same Jensen, Jung pointed out that, in fact, Freud.

23 F

21. 4. 07.

Dear and honored colleague,

It's a nice thing you asked me so many questions, although you know that I can only answer the smallest part of them; for me also the exchange of thoughts with you becomes a need, at least Sunday.

I see that you are closer to the idea of ​​regression to enforce self-eroticism of the. pr. I can not do anything there, not under the impression material, and I know you learn more than three detailed analyzes in detail that all we can ever tinkering in his office. I've recently sent, that was such a provenance, has value only as it is retroactive conclusions on the matter, always on my mind, the other two PN [= Psychoneuroses]. (And let you understand such abbreviations). Overall I think we need to have patience in resolving issues, until we have learned much. It is authorized in the meantime to make assumptions, for example in the form of hysterical many cases starting in the manner of obsessional neurosis. Theory can easily understand what is tried first, is a kind of defense in the usual hysteria (curb the unconscious representation of affect invested libidinous), which then, when it is no longer enough, is replaced by the much more radical defense and what setting fatal cleavage investment and retraction in me. According to this, If would be really early hysteria and later to transform. pr.

You observe that it would be incorrect to say that hysteria becomes d. pr. ; rather it is discontinued and replaced by the d. pr. Our ways of expressing ourselves indeed become accessible to the judgment and if we write the state of accurate representations of the process of repression. Other cases may begin directly by the method of defense characteristic of. pr. ; in other cases, it remains to hysteria, because "somatic compliance" allows an abundant eruption. The analogous example of the organic field is for example the report of tabes and paralysis. Paralysis usually adds only a very thin tabes; It is well known that the subsequent métaluétique process is not progressing if true tabes blindness develops. Can we discern that from the outset in the process? This will remain a matter of finer diagnosis or further deepening of the experience.

I am very surprised that the return to auto-eroticism is needed in your case with the results as grandiose. Probably the youth is really the condition, and a passage once badly done self-eroticism love object is it the element predisposing, which should be sought in the’ "Originating" authors. Roughly expressed : dementia would be the success of this return, para-noia its failure, that is to say, the return of libido returning perceptions. Added to all intermediate. Return to auto-eroticism is really as destroying the integrity of the person you suppose. Throughout the process, should also take into consideration all components libidinous, especially bisexuality. If only I could leave my business plan and discuss with you the most informative and certainly form more understandable FN; but unfortunately I have to save my life and I have to stay in the daily task, that in this moment I am very tired.

A determination of catatonia does not seem to me absolutely necessary. (Il me faudrait relire Riklin ⁽¹⁾ about it.) The movement of investment must indeed be related to major changes in the innervation, So physiological, as in hysteria. I naturally interprets the movement of the sensation of sexual arousal in the region of the anus in the dem. pr. and other perversions in the direction of the "theory of sexuality", not as displacements, but as restitution of the former primary power of these erogenous zones, who thus betray beautifully in the d. pr. The recess is located in the stomach area of ​​the mouth, respectively in the anterior zone, stomach comprising, du intestinal tract, cf. hysteria. I have not read the work of solfier. I also know him (hysteria, memory), is the inane chatter and grossly misinterpreted the nature. You will find that I ton again pope against heretics. But then I see things in two different ways?

I must say that what you said in the last letter of the reaction behavior of a patient dem. pr., the lack of resistance of the analysis, the fugitive nature of the transfer, this causes the diagnosis of virtually autoerotism. It is obvious that this auto-eroticism presents itself differently in children. The senile idiocy is also very different intellectual child behavior, even if it is a regression to infantile degree. It lacks the ability to make progress, here and there. The aphasia and child learning to speak well give us the same differences.

My comparison between obsessional neurosis and religion ⁽²⁾yesterday appeared in the first issue of the new Journal for Psychology of Religion [Journal of Psychology of Religion]. I do not yet have reprints. It also requires me to wait the Materials.

Maybe you can take the boy later Görlitz. It should be very informative.

Do not be too overwhelmed by the burden of my substitute. You are young to want, self-catering, you may well be the’onus, but not the’odium the thing, and you engrangerez in the years to come the full reward of labor. In consideration of the importance of the case, resistance is perhaps not even so exorbitant.

Let me soon hear of the new Burghölzli. When Bleuler and you'll also accepted the theory of libido, there should be an audible noise in the literature.

Your cordially dedicated

D^r Freud.

2. "Compulsions and religious practice» [Obsessive actions and religious exercises], G.W., VIII. Ed. in French The Future of an Illusion, Paris, 1932. Freud had read passages during the session 6 March, which took part Jung and Binswanger (et le names 2 March, as stated incorrectly Jones, II, p. 35). See Minutes, The, p. 142.

21 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 17. IV. 07.

Honored Professor!

Thank you for your great communications! Unfortunately I have to tell you right away that we have absolutely no place in our institution at the moment, This is very unfortunate. We are again in a period of more terrible congestion. On this occasion I would like to mention that our department residents, in comparison due to the establishment of state, is not a luxury somptu them-, but simply means adapted to bourgeois. The board price for foreigners is 10-12 francs per day maximum. A private guard back a little more 2 francs per day. It is cheap and moderately well. As I said we are currently overwhelmed and it is unfortunately quite impossible to take your patient. I hope this does not set a precedent, because I would be very happy to consider a case one day you know thoroughly. In a few weeks we will possibly already in a position to welcome new patients.

I understand that you must deeply reluctant to risk cockfighting, as it is and not otherwise that the public sees something, and it satisfies his bloodlust sublimated. As I am less deeply committed, and there is no defense of my own children, it attracts me still partly try me once in the arena. Identification with will be very flattering later, mainte-ing honor cum onere.

Your case is very interesting. Access seem more hysterical than catatonic. However, the voices are more worrying, it already shows a very deep cleavage and low resistance level mental *. I have met many cases who have spent so apparently flat hysteria or obsessional neurosis to d. pr.. But while there I did not know absolutely! These cases were they already previously, but so unknowable, from. pr.?? We still know too little, nothing actually, the intimate nature of the. pr., of’ so that we could go as ancient physicians who believed that croupous pneumonia sometimes turning into tb. [Tuberculosis]. There you can riddling ment, at some point in the development of some complex interconnected, the relationship with the environment partially or completely stop, the influence of the objective world and increasingly fall into place appear subjective creations, suraccentuées which are relative to the fact. This condition remains steady principle, oscillates only in the intensity. There are even cases die simply that self- eroticism (de façon aiguë, without autopsy gives results) (symbolic death?) If in these cases is not very large anatomical surprises, we must admit the’ « inhibition ». It must be why a constraint to properly infernal autoerotism, far beyond all known limits; maybe a boost that comes from an organic brain's inability. For auto-eroticism is so un-necessary, suicide so early, that while we should rise against him. And it still produces.

This "still" remember that recently a young catatonic grown drank half of stool night of his fellow sufferers, with obvious enjoyment. He masturbates from an early age, premature sexual activity with his sister. Catatonic at puberty. He hallucinated sister in question, which occasionally appears also as the Christ (Bisexuality). Then there was worsening, of intense hallucinations but unknown, which relate in part to the sister. Growing unrest, masturbates continuously, rhythmically pushes his finger alternately in the mouth and anus, drink urine and eat feces. Is it not, a very handsome return autoerotic !

In many cases I was struck by this :

The sensations of sexual arousal to move in the. pr. (women) frequently from their original location to and around the anus. Lately I've even seen a case where they were located in the pit of the stomach. Masturbation anus common in d. pr.

Does the pit of the stomach is also part of the infant theory of sexuality? I've never seen traveling to other parts of the body.

The catalepsy is common in the acute phases of catatonia.

In hysteria I have observed a case, where an arm stiffened catalepsy was a symbol of penis. But what the general stiffness and flexibilitas required in catatonia? Logically it should also have a psychological determination. It is one of the most serious symptoms of the lower stage, where usually the most blatant self-eroticism appear. Catalepsy appears to be more common in women; it is certainly more common in individuals of both sexes who become ill early, as well as in general this seems to break down much deeper and have a worse than those who fall ill late prognosis; they generally seem to stop the delusions and hallucinations (hypothesis Lugaro ⁽¹⁾).

Bleuler looks more of auto-erotic side, that is to- say in theory only. Here is your "truth running * ». Do you have access to Journal of Abnormal Psychology? Sollier ⁽²⁾ reported in Volume I, No. 7 the "cenesthetic disorders" at the beginning of the. pr., which are related to the processing of the personality. He claims to have had the same experience in the hysteria when the "restitution of personality" (transposition?) : Storm afïects, pulsation vessels, anxiety, detonations, wheezing, tightness etc.. etc. in the head. *. Have you seen something similar? Excuse my rage question!

Your grateful and devoted

Young.

* Rousseau (Confessions), similar case^[4].

1. Ernesto Lugaro (1870-1940), psychiatre italien. The’ "Hypothesis" has not been identified; from a personal information D^r Assa- gioli, it could be the theory of pseudo-hallucination Lugaro.

2. Paul Sollier (1861-1933), psychiatrist in Boulogne-sur-Seine. La cita­tion provient de « On Certain Cenesthetic Disturbances with particu­lar Reference to Cerebral Cenesthetic Disturbances as Primary Manifes­tations of a Modification of the Personality », Journal of Abnormal Psy­chology, flight. II, No. 1, April to May 1907. (The reference given by Jung is inaccurate.

4. The Confessions, part. 1, life. WE, 1738. Note Jung is added along the left margin.

* In French in the text. (N.d.T.)

20 F

Vienna, 14. 4. 07.

Dear and honored colleague,

See, the world in general thinks the same as me in our relationship. The presentation of Amsterdam I was offered shortly before your arrival, and I hastily refused afraid to discuss with you and then leave me to accept you determine. Then the thing happened in the background in our conversations, compared to more important things. Now I am very pleased that you have chosen. My time, however it was not the second speaker Aschaffenburg, but there were two, namely Janet ⁽¹⁾ an un indigène. It was obviously to a duel between Janet and me, but I hate gladiators before the noble populace, I can hardly bring myself to leave an indifferent crowd cast a vote on my experience ⁽²⁾; Above all I do for a few months to know anything about science, the instrument and provide badly mistreated by the rest all sorts of pleasures far away. It is now that you will support the skirmish with A[schaffenburg]. I plead for the lack of tact, rely on the hard skin of pachyderms opponents.

I still greet you as my successor on another occasion. I wanted to tell you lately been the case that I saw at Easter in Görlitz. I know that now he must get home to Burghölzli and you ask me information about it. I write, therefore I am the father directly in contact with you and I'm telling you what I saw. The boy will be very interesting, he probably little benefit we, but a lot of it we, and above this is the first object that we can both submit to the examination. I'm curious to see if you confirm what I claim, namely that it is not a dem. pr., but one case commencing and continuing obsession hysteria; I've seen several times earlier this evolution, in the other direction; I'm curious to see what your experiences Association say my diagnosis. This is a highly gifted individual, Oedipal kind, mother's love, hatred of the father (the ancient Oedipus is indeed itself a case of obsessional neurosis - question of the sphinx), sick from the eleventh year, the revelation of sexual acts; return to the infant grasped into clothing, rejection of sexual gigantic, can not not be seen, as a house *, Charcot used to say ⁽³⁾. This creates difficulties with him and prevented me from taking them to Vienna, is its access cries when he gets excited; cause it was nothing other than the means of childhood pressure to submit his mother to his will. Now access is as : He stands before a door, shouts, screams, rage and spit. If we contemplate the scene we see at first glance - But a real psychiatrist should not see what is not in Kraepelin ⁽⁴⁾ - Rub it with two fingers of the right hand path of a door panel, in an upward and downward movement (this is what I saw), that is to say it mimics coitus! When I presented it to him after access, il a non; and then : boys at school, them, mimed with the finger and (shots in the closed hand). In doing so it has : two, three, four, after relatively long pauses, what has meaning for coitus; and spitting it mimics obviously cumshot. He hears voices in doing so (also play a role during its intervals, which is of course problematic for diagnosis but not yet seem paranoid), mine is one of the most irritation and indignation, short it is a spectator coitus, against which he reacts with rage; and if you consider that he slept in the parents until its tenth year, you can guess what he watches couples there. It naturally plays two roles, the viewer that the disgust and the man who ejaculation. But the best is yet. Unfortunately, it is also organically child, in the formation of the genitals, that, as he tells himself with great coolness, have not developed since the eleventh year; he pushed off, by pride, despair about, all emotions attached to it, and it is these that make him now access. There should of course never that attaches importance to this disgusting Action (which by chance he is not able!)

I do not know if this is the only form of access, or if it has changed somewhat since this access we talked. If you see, treat only the, I would like to say, comme un collègue. It is terribly proud and vulnerable, in my estimation many times as smart as eg Aschaffenburg.

I have to assume at home a period of infantile sexual activity; nothing has been able to learn in the history of parents. But what parents can not blissfully not see ! Comme il a phimosis (a case for Adler ⁵ !), it is hardly possible that he escaped masturbatory inclinations in his youth.

What makes me the most pleasure, is that you do not rejetiez my comments on dementia. You know it's the same, even though I'm used to talk about paranoia, as it is to explain the paranoid part of dementia. I will use the next time freedom - today Sunday I am still too unable - to put in an understandable form my few thoughts. I do not untie me these ideas; if by chance I can do something, I will, but I am far from the material. I hope you get there earlier.

This is why I do not answer today either your questions about the dementia, I certainly do not know the answer in writing as far. I just feel that you lift properly as the most essential thing that these patients give us their complex without resistance and they are not available to transfer, that is to say, they show no effect of the latter. This is exactly what I would translate theory.

It would be quite possible for a real case of hysteria or obsessional neurosis turns after a time dementia, i.e. paranoia, without that we made a mistake in the diagnosis. This possibility is theoretically well demonstrable - something after all of this would be possible in the boy Görlitz.

My wife will not hurt at all, she thanks you for your sympathy and that of your wife. You will soon have news of me-tres.

With cordial greetings, your

D^r Freud.

2. Cf. Jones, II, p. 118, where the sentence is incorrectly cited.

3. Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893), French neurologist, doctor- Chief Salpetriere, known for his work on hysteria and hypnosis, which had a decisive influence on Freud. It studied with Charcot 1885-1886, translated courses in German {New Lectures on the diseases of the nervous system, particular hysteresis rie, Vienna 1886, translation Lessons from Tuesday at Salpêtrière, Paris, 1889-1892), and gave his eldest son's name.

4. Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926), Professor of Psychiatry in Munich 1903 at 1922. He advanced psychiatric systematic, , distinguishing particular dementia praecox (Schizophrenia) the manic-depressive. His main work, Psychiatry ; a textbook for students and physicians [Psychiatry; a manual for students and physicians], Leipzig, 1883, has long been an authority and has seen many editions. See also 14O J, n. 5.

5. Alfred Adler (1879-1937), from 1902 member of the Viennese group gathered around Freud, first president of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Association (1908), and the first major student of Freud to secede, in 1911, to start his own "individual psychology". He worked at 1926 mainly in America, and from 1935 finally. Il mourut à Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1937, during a lecture tour. In his monograph Psychic compensation — the state of inferiority organs, Paris, Payot, 1936. Ed. orig. Study of Organ Inferiority, Berlin is a Vienne, 1907, he had fired a lecture given on 7 November 1906 before the Viennese circle of Wednes-day, Minutes, The, p. 36, he said that is often noted phimosis (narrowing the foreskin) in cases of enuresis.

* In French in the text. (N.d.T.)

22F

Some theoretical views on paranoia

Fundamental fact about it : in a person f. ⁽²⁾ arises the desire for trade with man. He suffered repression and reappears in the following form : it says on the outside it has the desire, something she denies. (Or else : this trade took place nightly against his will. But this form is not the primary form.)

What happened in this kind of delivery and return characteristic of paranoia? An idea - the content of desire - arose and remained, even become aware of unconscious, but this idea was born within was thrown out, she returns as a perceived reality, against which the discharge can now again be exercised as opposition. The credit was denied to affect the desire, and on his return appears a contrary affect, hostile.

The projection must be explained. What is the condition for an internal process, investment of affect, is projected to the outside? A glance at the normal : our consciousness, originally, sees only two kinds of things. Outward, the perceptions (P), which in themselves are not invested with affect and have qualities; from the inside, she experienced " sentiments », they are exteriorizations impulses taking certain organs such as media; they are low-quality, however likely a strong quantitative investment. It is this quantity which has located within, This is qualitative and no afïect, outside.

There are naturally coarse patterns. All the pro-cess of representation, of thought, etc., are produced with contributions from both sides.

What we managed to end the meeting immediately P belief, what is produced is subjected to endopsychiquement the’ reality testing, that is a reduction to P, and tendency to discharge, which is directly against the qualities of feelings of displeasure.

The sexual drive is causing auto-erotic, she later attributed to memory representations of objects affect an investment, love object. A wishful fantasy like we admitted at the beginning should be considered as a libidinal object; it may ^2a, now, undergo repression before becoming aware, this can happen in various ways (main characteristics of the various psychoneuroses). If the content of representations was screened at the end P, it³ can not be reached if its libidinal investment has been previously removed. It was then the character of a perception.

In paranoia, libido is withdrawn from the object; an inversion of this is the mourning, where the object is removed to libido.

That the object representation in lost investment, it is first rendered in the form of belief. The hostility towards the object⁴ which manifests itself in paranoia indicates that went libido. This hostility is the perception endogenous libidinal disinvestment. Given the relationship between compensation object cathexis and ego investment, it becomes probable that the investment removed the object is returned in the self, that is to say has become autoerotic. Also is it me paranoid overinvested - selfish, megalomaniac.

The opposite process we assumed here is shown by the anxiety hysteria. The hysteria in general is characterized by excess investment object. She is love extreme object, it even covers autoerotism first time fantasies object (seduction). It takes to be all that is a distant relation with the object normal, places even; where hysteria is linked instead (claustrophobia) as to the proximity of the beloved, unlike the instability, of the drive to nomadism [Wanderlust] of dementia praecox.

In anxiety hysteria occurs contrary to what we assumed for paranoia. External stimuli, of P so, are treated as internal processes, invested affect; simple verbal representation acts as a living house; ease to be scared. The simple object divestment in me - in the auto-erotic - are [also], as an organic process with transformation affects (in displeasure), in what is called hypochondria. It is only the use of this mechanism for giving discharge paranoia. The hypochondria is the paranoia in a relationship analogous to that anxiety neurosis, basis to purely somatic, with hysteria, that passes through the psychic. The hypochondria approaches often of paranoia, évolué paranoia, Paranoia is Mele.

Do not forget now that it is fully, in the psychoneuroses, a defense that failed. Defense in paranoia seems to fail most surely, ie d. libido search again its object, seeks to impose, and seeks after inversion displeasure to the object P became.

The fight back is more pronounced in paranoid than in other neuroses. The libidinal student performances became the rank of P hallucinations; what we observe in clinical, is this struggle secondary defense against libidinous fantasy, now attacking the psychic apparatus at one end which usually happens that reality.

Add that this process is as a rule part, c.à.d. it only affects one or other of the components of the object libidinal. During this process, any repressed libido is slowly changing into a belief; this origin in libido gives delirium sa force. Delirium is the original belief in the reality of libidinal.

Summary. The projection is a kind of repression (analogous to the conversion, etc.), in which the representation becomes conscious as perception, and the affect that it is detached and withdrawn assistant in my displeasure with inversion. That affect (libidinal investment) then seeks, end of the P, to impose new to me.

Paranoia could face more easily than other psychoneuroses by normal psychological processes.

As you can see, relationships outlined here between libidinal object and investments give me a formula for easily so particularly successful discharge that occurs in forms hallucinatory madness of the first (amentia). (Cf. an old analysis in Collection ⁵.)

Avec a cordial salute

Your D^r Freud.

Rogue who gives more than he.

1. On larger sheets, 28 X 22 cm, no header.

2. Undoubtedly abbreviation of "feminine", added in the space between the two words.

2 a. A transcription error here gave a mistranslation in the English edition, unfortunately it has been possible to correct in this last ("Because it is" for "it can") (Correction of W. Sauerland).

3. De là, at the end of paragraph, underlined in blue pencil (probably by Jung).

4. These words also highlighted.

5. Cf. 11 F, n. 5. The trial was included in the first volume, 1906, of the Collection of small fonts for neuroses.

19 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 11. IV. 07.

Honored Professor!

Thank you for your long letter so kind! I just worry that you do me surestimiez, me and my strength. Certainly, with your help, I've looked at a certain depth, but I am still very far from seeing clearly. I still feel that they have made progress within quite essential since I personally made your acquaintance, because I feel that we can never fully understand your science if you do not know your person. Where so many things we are unclear, we who are distant, only faith can help us; faith or the best and most effective seems to be the knowledge of your personality. Also my visit to Vienna was it for me a true confirmation.

An excellent analysis of dementia praecox that I made recently reminded me of many things that we discussed together. I would now like to submit a question that concerns me particularly : the architecture of the case I mentioned was quite ” hysteriform “, so that during the analysis I completely lost consciousness speak with a dem. praec. The report (transfer) was excellent, so that 1 time I found the whole story : nothing sexual events until the sixth year, all very typical. The patient also accepted the position trans- ⁽¹⁾ with great affect. The patient had acquired during the analysis a clear vision of the nature and genesis of the disease, so one might expect a significant improvement. The next, there was still nothing. It could still come. Until then everything is as in hysteria. But here : the patient has no associations "hysterical". It reacts quite superficially, reaction time was shorter than I've ever seen. This means that the words do not break up pacemakers affectivity, which always occurs in hysteria. You say : not object libido, but autoerotism. Complexes were strongly cleaved during the experiment, so that the affects were not awakened. But in the analysis was the inverse; complex pieces came in waves, without resistors. In this situation, one would expect that the words stimulators also reach considerably complex, but they did not. This gives me the impression that in dem. praec. holds less complex personality based stimuli assignable in hysteria, so that it produces a much smaller "working through" [Working off] personality by the complex. In hysteria, a synthesis still occurs between the complex and the overall personality. In d. pr., complexes seem to blend in a way only approximate, in any case less than hysteria and especially that in the normal. Complexes are isolated somehow. You say that the complexes become autoerotic and have no libido in themselves. But where did it come? In the deli-ing toxic (alcohol, etc.), we see something simi-lar : we find fragments of complexes involved in elementary hallucinations, based on stimuli of neurites, which gives a mixed composite unanalyzable, I've never been able to elucidate (psychologically!). In such states, everyday things indifferent, pieces of complex, sensory stimuli endogenous, etc., appear to level, and meaningful constellation is totally lacking. Is there an analogy here with the isolation of the complex dem. praec.? It would naturally represent the effect of toxins in dem. praec. as only very slight. But where does the regression in auto-erotic? Auto-eroticism is it not something infantile? and yet the child is so totally different thing from the. pr. In examinations galvanometer ² I even saw that setting affects the cleavage of. pr. went so far as strong stimuli physical had no influence, whereas psychological stimuli caused yet affect. So, analysis and the transfer is made perfectly, it happens that absolutely no personality as such be revolutionized, as in hysteria. In general, it nothing happens at all, patients have learned nothing and forgotten nothing, they continue to suffer quietly. It is as if their personality was split, providing the isolated complexes, that influence longer mutually. I would be very grateful if I could hear your opinion on it.

You will be interested to learn that the International Congress of Amsterdam this year has asked me to make a presentation on "Modern theories of hysteria '. The second speaker is Aschaffenburg! I will stick to your course only theory. The discussion will be in any way distressing, I already feel. A[schaffenburg) recently wrote me that it was still nothing understood.

I have now read through the book of Rank ³. It seems to me that there are some very good ideas in it, but I do not understand everything. But I read the thing again later.

Bleuler has now agreed about. 70 % the libido theory, after that I have demonstrated on several cases. Its resistance is now heading mainly against the word. Its negative oscillation appears to have been temporary, on the occasion of my visit to Vienna. Bl[euler] was a bachelor for a long time to cool completely and thus much work already accomplished in his life discharge. Also his unconscious has it become strong and healthy influence. You still support her courageous, although from time to time to have some mental reservations. That Bl[euler] recognized as just, he will not let go. It has the virtues Swiss national to an unusual degree.

I am naturally extremely grateful for giving me your ideas of the. pr., as I am of any stimulation that comes from you.

Bezzola is a damned stubborn, which has yet to compensate for a situation in life extremely unpleasant. This is why he feels entitled to enrich themselves with the crumbs which fall from the table of the Lord. This is a collector details, who lack any clear overview; also a man right, the unconscious, it is true, is still heavily in its claws. His work has me horribly upset.

My wife and I have learned with great regret your wife's illness and wish him a speedy recovery my heart.

Get the best greetings

your grateful and devoted

Young.

2. Jung is the author of three essays in English on this topic : « On Psychophysical Relations of the Associative Experiment », Journal of Abnormal Psychology, flight. The, 1907; « Psychophysical Investigations with the

Galvanometer and Pneumograph in Normal and Insane Individuals » (avec Frederick W. Paterson), Brain, flight. XXX, July 1907; et « Further Investigations of the Galvanic Phenomenon and Respiration in Normal and Insane Individuals » (with Charles Ricksher), Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, flight. II, 11⁰ 5, December 1907-January 1908. Texts in German G.W., 2. ["On psychophysical relations of association experience.; "Psychophysical Research with the galvanometer and pneumograph in normal individuals and insane"; "New research on the phenomenon galvanic and respiration in normal and insane individuals."]

3. The artist [The artist], Vienna 1907. Cf. 17 J, n.1.

18 F

7. 4. 07.

Dear and honored colleague,

I choose a different paper ⁽¹⁾, because I want to talk to you without constraints. Your trip was very nice and action worthy of gratitude; I would want to repeat writing several things I have confessed orally, Above all, your person has filled me with confidence in the future, I know now that I am like any other replaceable, and I do not want no other and better successor for you to complete my work, as I met you. I'm sure you will not let the work plan, because you have looked too deeply and found yourself how our things are striking, how far and how they lead, truly, they are beautiful.

I think you certainly make your visit to Zurich, where I can get it done by your demonstration of the famous dem. praecox ⁽²⁾, but it will probably not soon. At the moment I'm also bothered by the unthinned report to your supervisor. After his last defense in Munich medical weekly (3), I thought this to be confident, and you bring me back a swing very serious negative share, you probably understand, like me, as a defense against conviction brought you here. How the "complex personal" outweighs any work purely logical mind!

Regarding the dem. praecox, I would have a pro-posal to you. After your departure, I noticed some speculation on the topic that we discussed, and I'll gladly defer, if it does not bother you in two ways to accept. Firstly, because you might fall on the same, qu'acccepter secondly because you may be painful as such. I must say that I want to form economy very respectable sort of intellectual communism, in which we do not control what is anxiously gave and we received. Answer me with a franchise record if you want, or prefer not, listen to these things, you should not overestimate the value of this notice because.

I salute, reasons for their, your efforts to save other acidic taste from the moment they bite into the apple, but I do not think it will be successful ⁽⁴⁾. Even if we call the unconscious "psychoid", it is nevertheless the unconscious, and if we do not call in sexuality that grows wider 'libido', it nevertheless libido, and in everything we do arise we return to what we wanted to divert attention by name. We can not save ourselves resistance, why not rather the cause immediately? The attack is the best defense, I think. Perhaps you underestimate the intensity of this resistance when you try to prevent them by small concessions. What we demand is nothing other than to deny the sexual instinct. Recognize the so-.

Rank will certainly unlikely. He writes almost as auto-erotic, teaching him the ways are unfortunately totally lacking. More, as you notice, it has not yet overcome the influence of the spiritual food he had hitherto and spreads in handling abstractions that I can enter in any place. Yet its independence vis-à-vis me is bigger than it looks in; it is a mind endowed, very young, and, This is particularly honorable saw his youth, perfectly hon-Nete. We will of course expect more things to your way of putting it.

That does not make me a sense of honesty, is the work ⁽⁵⁾ de Bezzola, he sent me recently, very impersonally and without doubt simply by "piety". Remarks assistants are from a personal cowardice promising. It seems treacherous silence that psychosynthesis is the same as psychoanalysis. Do we not seek the repressed analysis pieces for the sole purpose of assembling? The essential difference, that it does not use the things that come to mind, but only the sensations, it simply derives from work only on traumatic hysteria; in other cases the material does not exist. Indeed, from my knowledge of the structure of a neurosis, it is usually quite impossible to solve the therapeutic task by simply unveiling of traumatic scenes. This is where Breuer ⁽⁶⁾ and I were twelve years ago and has learned nothing since.

For "piety" he deserves a good slap, but we have better things to do.

In the course of this month you will receive two more small publications Me, whose Materials ⁽⁷⁾, that should make you want to make soon, I hope, the "collection⁽⁸⁾ "Contribution can attract a larger circle. Thank you very much for the approval of Riklin. Hopefully his work will meet the specific requirements. I put directly in contact with him through the Materials.

At Easter I was Kahlbaum in Görlitz ⁽⁹⁾ and I saw there a very instructive case, I would also like to tell you about, if the first letter from your present home did not exceed any measure already.

My wife ⁽¹⁰⁾ was very pleased to receive the letter from your wife. It is the host, and not the guest, must thank the honor and pleasure. Unfortunately she can not respond in time, because she gained during a Stomakake, * Moreover, mild iridocyclitis. His condition is satisfactory.

I am delighted with your response, Your cordially dedicated

D^r Freud.

2. See if the seamstress B. St. in G.W., 3, § 198 sq.

3. In an account of the Collection of small fonts for neuroses 1893-19o6 in Weekly, flight. LIFE, No. 11, 1907.

4. This paragraph is cited by Jones, II, 486.

5. "To analyze psychotraumatic Symptoms» [Contribution to the analysis of psychotraumatic symptoms], Journal fiür psychology and neurology, VIII, 1906-1907. Cf. Jung reports [G.W., 18].

6. Josef Breuer (1842-1925), Austrian physician and physiologist, with Freud is the author of Studies on Hysteria, Vienna, 1895. Ed. franç., Paris, P.U.F., 1956. Breuer, ami paternal a mentor you jeune Freud, separated from him later.

7. See 24 J, n. 5; for the other publication, see 23 F, n. 2.

8. The Journals in applied psychology (including works by various authors), Freud edited from 1907. This correspondence is often referred to as the "collection". The first two installments, published by Hugo Heller, were tested on the Materials of Freud, cf. 24 J, n. 5, and work on tales Riklin, cf. 17 J, n. 3; from the third installment - The content of the psychosis de Jung, - The publication is made in the editor Franz Deuticke, cf. 82 F, n. 4- For a list of titles until 1913, see Appendix 5.

9. The institute "D^r Kahlbaum Medical Pädagogium for juvenile nervous disorders », Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum par fondé (1828-1899), then headed by his son Siegfried. K. The. Kahlbaum was a renowned psychiatrist; he introduced the concept of "paranoia". The copy owned by Freud's book Kahlbaum, The grouping of the mental illness and the classification of mental disorders [The classification of mental illnesses and classification of disorders of the psyche], Danzig 1863, se trouve conservé au Sigmund Freud Memorial Room à New York City, cf. 193 F, n. 4, and includes many marginal annotations, Freud did when he was a young doctor. Voir Ernest Harms, « A Fragment of Freud’s Library » [ A fragment library Freud ], Psychoanalytic Quarterly, flight. XL, No. 3, July 1971

10. Martha Freud, née Bernays ( 1861-1 951 ).

* Stomach illness? Difficult to read or play on words. (N.d.T.).

17 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 31. III. 1907.

Honored Professor!

This time in any case you pulled your conclusions length of my reaction time. I've had so far a strong resistance against the writing, because until very recently raised complex in Vienna were still in turmoil. Now the only thing is a little thinning, so I hope to be able to write you a letter about reasonable.

The most difficult piece, your broader theory of sexuality, is now somewhat understood and proven in various case studies contact. With respect to the general, I recognize that you are right. autoerotism as the essence of dementia praecox, this appears to me more and more important as a deepening of our knowledge, I do not yet measure the limits. Your criteria the acute stage should also be accurate; their demonstration, however, still faces great difficulties, mainly technical : the d. pr. allows only poor perception of personality. Case must also be presented quite differently depending on whether the "withdrawal of the libido" takes place in a complex accessible to consciousness or unconscious in a complex. The relationship between infantilism and self-eroticism also gain more clarity. I am now further reduced to think independently, the fact that the resistance in the P^r Bleuler are now brighter than ever. He challenges including the intentional nature of the dream, this is equivalent to denying the masquerade complexes, is in fact the main part of the interpretation of dreams. Against the analysis of dreams, its associations also, Bleuler has enormous unconscious resistance, you can hardly overcome. In my frequent discussions with Bleuler, it has also become quite clear to me that the term "libido", and generally all terms transferred from sexuality to broader conceptual field (terms which are certainly undoubtedly justified), are ambiguous to say the least and non-instructional. It even causes them directly by emotional inhibitions, which ren-dent lesson not. And I had such digressions do the larger image to give Bleuler what you mean by "libido". Would it not conceivable, with respect to the restricted concept of sexuality that is currently accepted, book of sexual terms only to extreme forms of your "libido" and prepare for a collective concept is a little less offensive to all the libidines? M. Rank (1) also presupposes simply expanded concept of sexuality and this so that I, who am your thinking intensively over 4 years old, I find it difficult to grasp. The audience for which M. Rank wrote not capture all the. Should once and explain with countless examples of varying intensity of the relationship libidinous sensitive subject. In this way the public could gradually see to what extent justifies the use of this terminology. (Especially "pansexuality" [Allsexualität »]!) It was also at Rank uncomfortable feeling that jurat in verba magistri ⁽²⁾, and it lacks empirical. In reading I have more than once thought of Schelling and Hegel. However, your teaching is pure empiricism and should be introduced as empirically. At least is this image that I'm, as my noblest task. This is why I seek to illustrate these methods of psychoanalysis as the most accurate. I hope this one found by your popular science teaching. One of my future work will be to represent the dreams of desire in dementia praecox as an important empirical material. When this work then and similar will be completed, Only then I hope to bring a bit of the theory of sexuality. For the "confirma-tion" subjective, dreams are indeed, as you say, the best thing, I have again seen recently in some fine examples. Doubts about the rightness of your doctrine not pursue me more. My stay in Vienna, which was actually an event in the fullest sense of the word, dispelled the last shadows of doubt. Binswanger has already alluded to the deep impression I gained from you. I do not want to talk about, but my work will show for your cause, I hope, what what veneration and gratitude I have for you. I hope and dream that we can even greet you at Zurich in the summer or fall. You would make me personally very pleased by your visit, because the few hours I have spent with you were unfortunately too short.

Riklin ⁽³⁾ promised me to send you his work on stories once completed. Some time will elapse until then, it is true.

Trout (4) has recently come to Zurich. I did interview on this occasion by a friend. It is revealed that he has not the slightest idea of ​​you and he criticized my work not reflect enough hypnotism. This is where lies the hare.

Receive, and Mrs. and your family, my thank-offs warmest, as well as those of my wife, for the reception so lovely that we had at home.

Recognizing your

Young.

2. "We swear by the words of the master. "Refers to the disciples of Pythagoras. (Horace, Epistulae, The, 1, 14.)

3. Franz Riklin (1878-1938), of 1902 at 1904 Burghölzli psychiatrist and colleague of Jung Association for experiments. Their results were published in common 1905 under the title Experimental investigations on the associations Healthy. [Experimental research on healthy men's groups], G.W., 1. Of 1904 at 1909 doctor at the clinic Rheinau (cf. Walser, Rheinau). Married to a sine-neck Jung; Jung followed after the break with Freud latter, but not practiced analysis. - The work was promised Wish fulfillment and symbolism in fairy tales [Fulfillment of desire and symbolic tale], collection Journals in applied psychology, fasc. 2, 1908.

4. Auguste Henri Forel (1848-1931), psychiatrist, psychologist and ento-Swiss mologiste, Pays de Vaud; Bleuler predecessor to the direction of Burghölzli, he acquired a reputation for his work on hypnosis. At the head of the anti-alcohol, and opponent of psychoanalysis. He had made 1899 a conference during celebrations of the tenth anniversary of Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts. Cf. instructions after 154 F.