31 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 12. WE. 07.

Honored Professor!

In the pause since my last letter I have been very busy, so that I am now quite diminished. At the end of last week, Claparède ¹, director of the laboratory of experimental psychology in Geneva, came to me to be introduced to the technique of association experience. Your teachings have firmly taken root among psychologists Geneva, even if everything is not yet digested. The following result of visiting Claparède me back, it is true, I mainly : C[laparède] now wants to publish

in Archives of Psychology a great presentation ENSEM-ble ⁽²⁾ all of my work. This would again cause a symptom that is running. Flournoy ⁽³⁾ also looks at the extraordinary thing. Next week I have to go for ten days in Paris and London. I will give this opportunity to visit Janet and I interviewerai about you.

You do me great pleasure naturally annotating my case, because there is only way I can see how you approach a case, what you see as important and how you abstrayez more general rules. I totally agree with you when you say that the cases are not sufficiently penetrated. Undoubtedly they are not. But in the dem. praec. we learn to be content with little.

It should complete the first case, that the transposition of the brother. The morning of the wedding of her brother she suddenly had the idea to jump over a large gap pipe, four meters deep and has made a distortion pedis.

Today I bring you the following case :

Woman of thirty-six. His father was a dark character, oppressed family. As the patient she sided with the mother, which he confided his grief. It thus became friends. The patient had a girlfriend outside his mother : a woman who was also unhappy in marriage. She had no fondness for men. A 28 years old, for practical reasons, she married a younger man, which was also significantly less intellectually. Sexually it was absolutely and totally frigid desires. Gradually the mother idolized her daughter became old and feeble. The woman then said she could not abandon her mother did. Depression gradually increasing then appeared, neglect of his family, thoughts of suicide, etc. Internment. Now showing symptoms of mental decline in the level ⁽⁴⁾. Typical catatonic depression.

Your proposal for the establishment of a separate log refers to projects that I make as. I would like to nominate d'Archives for psychopathology, because I would like to have a place where I could drop, together, the work done in our laboratory. However, I would still think carefully for a while, because at the moment the chances of success with the public, which is generally prepared and negatively, still seem problematic. It takes more than I ever earned before the second volume of my Diagnostic Studies of association [Diagnostic Association Studies], before assuming new obligations. Meanwhile we must leave for the yeast.

My polyclinic is difficult. The analysis is uneducated in a hard case. I now have a person who can not drink anything in the world for the rest of his coffee cup if there is still a bit of bread crumbs at the bottom, otherwise it must vomit. "It tickles in the neck. "When she sees a corpse, she then spit continuously for several days. This symptom seems to have appeared at the time of the death of his mother. Can you advise me?

It is fun to see how women in the polyclinic to diagnose one another their complex erotic, while they do not recognize themselves. Among uneducated, the main obstacle seems to be terribly rude transfer.

Please accept my most cordial greetings and my thanks.

Your fully committed

Young.

2. Never saw the day. Cf. 5g J, § 3.

3. Théodore Flournoy (1854-1920), Swiss psychiatrist. Influenced, as Claparède, by the thought of William James. Jung used the work of Flournoy, particularly the case for Frank Miller Morphoses and meta-symbols of libido, as well as his research on a medium, From India to the Planet Mars, Paris, 1900.

4. In French in the text. Or "low blood". The expression goes back to Janet, The Obsessions and psychasthenia, Paris 1903, and is frequently found in the writings of Jung in his last writings.

3o F

6. 6. 07

IX, Berggasse 19.

My dear colleague,

I am very surprised that this is me rich table that he fell something for you. This statement should probably refer to things that are not mentioned thereafter. If only I had this! I am just miserable before your efforts around the dem. pr. Found on the attached sheet the results of efforts which you hire me. Since I do not feel the case, they are unsatisfactory, - I do not take these doodles for an opportunity to repeat things that I, as you write me, expressed clearly too little the first time.

A picture book as you would be very instructive ébauchez. It would above all to embrace the architectural look of the cases. I tried something similar several times, but I always wanted too, I wanted to guarantee perfectly clear vision at all, I wanted to represent all the complications and so every time I'm stuck. But do not you want to take such a serious intention to? Dare you ever take seriously the fight for the recognition of our new? The first thing would be to start a magazine, eg "for psychopathology and psychoanalysis", or more insolently only psychoanalysis. We would find a publisher, the editor could be you, Bleuler not refuse, I hope, to serve as director at my side. We have not other employees! But something like this attracts. We will not fail equipment, nothing will cause us more trouble than choosing, shorten and refuse contributions. With our own analyzes (two of us) easily we fill more than one volume per year. And if the saying is right : insulting buys, then the publisher will make a good deal.

It only attracts Does not? Think so!

I now have more free time and can therefore catch some things the current flowing in each day next to me. I note in my new analyzes. One of my patients just come in consultation, me and already turning heads now, so I have no ideas at all. Its main symptom is that it can not hold a cup of tea a cup of tea] in the presence of someone; This is of course only one of the most important condensation outraged inhibitions. This morning she has worked very poorly. "No sooner was I in the antechamber, she says now, I wanted it all together. Naturally, when someone has innate cowardice! Indeed cowardice * and Schale Thee are not so far away. "It always returns the words. The story of his childhood is played between his mother and nurse, which has long remained with her. The mother's name Emma; flip it : Public [nurse]. To hell with the criticism argumentative ! Suggestion, etc. !

Your cordially dedicated

D^r Freud.

So I have to fantasize [fantasize] Both your. I do probably do not need to copy notes, you have certainly.

The first is the easiest : He begins to 9 years old, the essential determinations are naturally located behind; each hysteria, in my, relates to sexuality years 3-5. But we can not prove it without a long analysis. Your history does not provide so that the historical material; these are childhood memories preserved prehistoric material that would lead to. In dementia praecox, it will probably often settle historical material.

Everything happens then clearly, love for the brother she reigns without discharge, but unconscious sources. Under growing conflicts, gradual discharge, guilt as a reaction. Very nice behavior during the engagement's brother, Compared with the bride. No conversion symptoms, only conflicting moods. At the time of reconciliation with reality, with the marriage proposal of Mr., she associates with her brother, repression occurs, she falls ill. Masturbation probably had continual prevent a case of hysterical conformation, as a real hysterical would long ago stopped to masturbate and have had symptoms substitutive. Your diagnosis of dementia is then quite right, confirmed by the delusion. It seems then detach it reaches his libido to his brother, by substituting indifference, euphoria [is] theoretically strengthened me through investment object removed.

Therefore a case only partial, probably incomplete, few days totally drilled.

II. Le paranoid.

It starts with homosexual experiences. The girl's head boy is the mediator of the libido back to the woman. London A conflict, not support the collapse of his hopes, kills himself in front of the plight (symbol : No. 13), after several attempts to get what he wants. He did not succeed by hallucinations tion, there is no regression of mental representations perceptions, but perceptions are influenced, more exactly, fresh memories of perceptions are influenced in the direction fantasies of desire. We can easily distinguish this kind of accomplishments desire delusions. However, they have a special character, which is specific to paranoia, and that the theory explained by a localization. In the battle between reality and fantasies of desire, these appear to be the strongest, because they have unconscious roots. The discharge is not taken into account here, but probably subjugation [Over-coping], that is to say : we are facing a process of psychosis, this is not the unconscious has been repressed, the unconscious has captivated me attached to the reality. At least temporarily here : shows that suicide was not a lasting success, it is an act of self defense against psychosis normal.

London between then and the final entry in the disease is a period of health, that is to say delivery val ve succeeded. But now that the libido is back with a new engagement, disease follows a form typically paranoid, with projection. The final result, namely that Lydia is in everything and did everything, means in effect that the love object took entire possession of him. From the shape of the event, however,, it is a libido that has reinvested something repressed. Repression occurred in the healing, and was - which can not be proved in this case - a projection outward, not, however, a representation strong as in the delirium of desire, but rather a weak representation, which may not have been possible thanks to the detachment of the libido. Libido on his return found his object as outside, projected. I find pure cases of dementia that libido has gone into auto-eroticism in the discharge through; this case paranoid does not show anything. Paranoia, generally, shows only the return of libido, detachment (suppression) ⁽²⁾ can be seen in your comments on dementia.

The psychological problem (not the clinical problem) is the mechanism of projection in the world of perceptions, which can not be identical with the simple regression of desire.

This is very interesting and, I hope, will soon be studied in other cases, is the ratio of paranoia later (with projection) a psychosis subjugation original. Reality has first been subjugated by the strong desire fantasies, but so that there were only memories distorted, desires not hallucinated. As a reaction then follows the discharge fantasies of desire; This is perhaps due to this preliminary stage that the libido to return so close to the end of the perceptions. In the paranoid process, regression does not seem to go really Perception System, system but only to the nearest : remembrances. I hope that in subsequent analyzes the difference with the type of hysterical conversion will leave more clearly demonstrate.

I can not give more, but am very ready to receive more.

1. Written on both sides of a large sheet, 25 X 40 cm; the letter itself on the small stationery.

2. Written under the previous word in the original.

29 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 4. WE. 07.

Honored Professor!

I found this excellent sentence of your last letter, we can "rejoice in the wealth", I look forward each week your wealth and saw the crumbs that fall from the rich man's table.

I have a pretty new cases of depression in a dem. pr. :

9^and year : The patient sees traces of menstruation of his mother, What about sexual arousal and masturbation

12^and year : Beginning of menstruation. Study of instructional books on sexuality. Fantasies on the genitals of his brothers and sisters, especially his elder brother. The other brothers and sisters committed this year to drive more reserved with his brother, since this is adult.

16^and year : Symptoms of high emotion. Crying for days when the fiance of a friend is in danger oldest in the Alps. His brother is great mountaineer.

18^and year : Violent agitation and nervousness during the day for the marriage of his sister. Masturbation and sex drive increased accordingly. Guilt dissant gran-.

20^and year : The older brother became engaged; it feels as if struck by lightning. Must constantly compare the bride, which has all the advantages, while the patient disappears completely beside her.

21^and year : Made for the first time met a gentleman who published intentions of marriage. She is friendly, because it reminds him of his brother in many respects. But she immediately guilt increased : it is not good to think of marriage, etc. Increasing depression, sudden impulse extremely bright suicide. Internment. Very dangerous suicide attempts. Indubitable symptoms of. pr. Delusion : his brother can not marry, because bankruptcy. After about half a year, sudden change in euphoria, when talking about her sister's brother wedding gifts. Therefore euphoric, takes part in the marriage without the slightest emotion, what seems most striking, because at the marriage of a sister, three years ago, she was in tears. After the wedding, decline to normal euphoria. Is one distortio pedis. Do not talk willingly "go home".

In this style I might make a very nice picture book that can only enjoy one who has tasted the tree of knowledge. Others remain empty-handed!

A cas of paranoia (d. pr. paranoid) :

Env. 10^and year : The patient was attracted to mutual masturbation by an older boy.

Env. 16^and year : Falls in love with a girl who has a head boy (mowed short). (Elle se nomme Berty Z.)

Env. 18 years old : Done through the girl above said knowledge of a person named Lydia X., of which he definitely falls in love.

Env. 24 years old : A London. It is fired from his job (for why?), through the streets for three days in a troubled state, without eating, refers repeatedly call him by his name; a horse rears up near him, he is afraid : By this we want to make him understand that he will get a good position. It finally goes home in the evening. On the way to the station is an unknown lady, She apparently wants to approach. But when she sees that this approach is an unknown lady, honest and not a casserole. At the station take a young man and a young girl, Z is Berty. de Zurich. There is, however, not quite sure. Front of his house, he sees for the first time she wears the number 13. In the same night he shot himself in the head, but without dying. Healing.

Env. 34 years old : At Zurich laid a. Lydia learns that X. is engaged. State of agitation, is confined. Delusions of grandeur and persecution. God, Bishop, Doctor, etc. Lydia X. and the sister and mother of the latter are contained in all the people he came to see. All that happens is the work of these people. They are constantly around him, but never show themselves in their true face. "It would take me once Lydia, so I can make my sperm on it. Then the thing would be in order. »

Three years ago delirious image is transformed. At this time the patient met, during a celebration of the establishment, a girl who has the tic shake your head. Her hair was shorn short. It is clearly fell in love with it. Soon after, Lydia did nothing directly, but that it "drew a princess by the hair ⁽¹⁾ ». This singular mechanism performs two tracks now everything that happens around him.

Since the marriage of M^for X., remission more!

I would be very grateful if you would explain to me your views on the theoretical case. Your last exhibition was detailed, I confess, too difficult, so I have not been able to follow. My understanding is better when it follows specific cases.

The next time I want to tell you about another case that interests me theoretically, seems to be built a little differently than those cases, but that is very characteristic of a large class of cases of. pr. Currently I have a case where, despite all my efforts I can not distinguish whether it is of a. pr. or hysteria. I must say that in general the differences of. pr. and hysteria disappear at me quite worrying since I analysis.

Yours truly!

Your fully committed

Young.

28 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 30. In. 07.

Honored Professor!

Today I can not unfortunately short answer to your kind letter if, because I am constantly taken by all sorts of matters concerning the clinical.

Receive my warm foremost thank you for the news about Jensen. It's almost like you could imagine. Yet he accuses his medicine, here is excellent and arteriosclerotic already alarmingly. In the circle of my knowledge on bed Materials with pleasure. Women are the ones who best understand what you are doing, and usually immediately. Only those who have a culture of 'psychological' boards have before my eyes.

I gladly write something for your collection. This idea is very friendly. I just do not know what. It would have to be something suitable. The section of the Future or something like that would be too bad; Harden me l'a extorqué. I'd never written spontaneously. At this time it is the experimental work that I meet the more, and they are not adapted to a wider circle of readers. It is not excluded that the dementia praecox sends me, its inexhaustible depth, something good. To this is added as an obstacle that I have for now so overloaded with administrative work that I just found the time to my own work. A fortiori there is no question of material immerse myself in the. A systematic development of dementia praecox is also impossible for the same reasons, because there must be an unlimited time. So I formed the project, there is some time, to change my situation so that I have more free time, able to devote myself entirely to scientific work. My project, RAM-ment is supported by the P^r Bleuler, is assistant clinical or laboratory psychology, as more or less independent institute, I would then appointed director. In this way I would be independent, freed from the shackles of service in the institution and I could work exclusively on what I want. From this then I would tend to separate the professorship of psychiatry at the direction of the establishment. Because the two together, this is too much and it prevents productive scientific work. It is true that I would not leave the actual career of psychiatrist asylum, but the damage was not so great. I would anyway equipment. And I can imagine that I would have enough satisfaction with the only scientific work. As I can see in my dreams the last period, this change has an underground base "metapsychological-sexual", which is trans-parent for you, and which I also promise a series of sensations of pleasure. Who knows your science has tasted the tree of paradise and became light.

I still relaterai different things soon.

Yours most dedicated,

your Jung.

27 F

26 may 07.

My dear colleague,

Warm thank you for your praise of Materials! You would not believe how few men come to something like this, This is actually the first time I hear about it a warm speech. (Not, I must not be unfair to your cousin(?) Riklin.) This time I knew little work deserves praise; it was done on sunny days ² and gave me so much pleasure to myself. It brings nothing new to us, but I think it allows us to celebrate our rich. I do not expect that it certainly does open your eyes to the severe opposition; long since I tend more ear on that side, I hope and since so little of the conversion of the professional, I have brought to your testing galvanometer, as you rightly recognized, a half-interest, what you now have me punished. A profession of faith as me yours is actually more valuable than the approval of Congress over, also because it provides me in passing that future congresses will give me their approval.

If you are interested in the fate of the Materials, I drained maintenance-aware about it. So far there has been only one report in a Viennese newspaper ³, laudatory, but devoid of understanding and affect that could be for example about your demented. A journalist like this, who does not understand the accent of passionate abstract property, it does nothing to write : Mathematicians say that 2X2 frequently 4, or : 0n ensures that 2 X 2 are not usually 5.

That Jensen himself said? He spoke very loved-ably ⁴. In the first letter he expressed his joy, etc., and stated that the analysis was, for all the essential, hit the intentions of the small work. Hence it does not hear our theory course, as well as in general, by old man, he seems unable to understand other intentions than its own poetic intentions. He thought the match was probably put in the account of poetic intuition, and may need to assign a part in medical studies he made at the beginning. In a second letter I then became indiscreet and I asked about the subjective poetic work, from where the material came from, where his person, and other things. I then learned that it is actually ancient relief, he owns a copy Nanny ⁽⁵⁾ Munich, but has never seen the original. It is itself a fantasy woven this, namely that it is a Pompeian; himself loved to dream in the furnace from noon to Pompeii and entered once there in an almost visionary. Otherwise he knows nothing about the source material; in another early work it suddenly came, he left everything aside, began to write, has never been blocked, almost always found it just as ready and arrived at the end of a line. This probably means that further analysis would lead to his own childhood through to his own most intimate erotic. Everything is new fantasy egocentric.

In conclusion let me express the hope that something will happen to you as you one day that you will able to interest a circle of secular, and then you just doterez my collection rather than Future (6).

You are right, I kept silent about the’ "Bird", for reasons that are known to you, respect the publisher and the public, or soothing your influence, as you want. Someone who takes care of the issue will be very grateful for the reference work Steinthal. Riklin I was made aware of work in the journal Steinthal ⁽⁷⁾ in 1869. Hear- you the same thing?

I'm really curious to see the work of Bleuler on dem. It will probably contain a progress report to the theory of sexuality, but little progress must be. I hope it does not make your job redundant. Theoretical constructs that I sent you twice ⁽⁸⁾ were for me, I must say, a beautiful torture; this is not my usual kind of work and without observation equipment. But you have nothing against such theorems. If I were younger or richer or reckless, in each of these three cases I will take up to three months in your clinic and together we piocherions this and certainly would come after.

I really have no reason to expect Bezzola and Frank among us. I am glad to B[ezzola] if you got rid of him without sweetness; judging from his acts symptomatic, we do not make him certainly not harm. The mechanism of its success - they are durable? very doubtful, - Is certainly, as you sup-pose, transfer, you say : transposition. I believe that I myself have recently expressed to you this suspicion when I wrote to you for the first time about her ⁽⁹⁾.

I receive your work well, apart from my reaction this time. Me you should expect in the coming time as the second edition of the Daily Life (towards the end of June), which is taken in one or both of your examples ⁽¹⁰⁾. Bresler ⁽¹¹⁾ did not send reprints from little essay on religion and compulsion, you just heard on Wednesday examples where you were with me. The publisher has failed to make! Two small trials, m'a qu'on extorqués ⁽¹²⁾, probably appear only later.

Thank you very much for two shells from the enemy camp ⁽¹³⁾. I'm not trying to keep more than a few days, until I can read without affect. It is only the emotional idiocy. First they write as if we had never communicated with dream analysis, case history or explanation of a failed act; However, when they put the nose on the material evidence, they say : but it is not evidence, it is arbitrary. Try to give proof to someone who does not want! There is nothing to do with logic, we can say that it Gottfried of Strasbourg, I believe, has said irreverently of God's judgment :

Holy Christ that create wind as a sleeve is (14).

But let take five to ten years, and analysis " aliquis(15) », Now that is not a proof, will become evidence without that nothing is changed. Nothing is here and continue working, do not waste too much energy rebuttals, leave on the fertility of our designs against the sterility of those we fight. The aggressiveness also clear from the work of each line Isserlin. Some things really are too stupid too; any evidence of ignorance.

Yet, be quiet, all happen. You live now, if I did not see. We are not the first to have to wait until we begin to understand their language. I still think we have more supporters secret that we know; I'm sure you will not be alone in the Amsterdam Congress. For each experiment repeated mockery to us, my belief that we have something great hands grows. In the obituary you write me one day ⁽¹⁶⁾, remember me present this testimony : any contradiction that I did not even troubled.

I hope that your head will recover soon, and your workload decreases while. I miss your letters when you're too long pauses.

Your cordially dedicated

D^r Freud.

2. "He wrote it during his summer vacation 1906, outdoors… A Lavarone… in South Tyrol "; Jones, II, p. 302 and 15.

3. Moritz de Necker. Time, 19 may 1907, Jones, II, p. 363.

4. Jensen's letters are published in : Psychoanalytic movement [Psychoanalytic movement], The, 1929, p. 207-211.

5. Unreadable in the original; in Jensen's letter to which Freud refers, name is Nanny. It is the merchant Felix Nanny, whose art shop was the Türkenstrasse 92 à Munich. Reproduction is without doubt a plaster copy; see inset illustration pl. 4. (The name appears as Narny in Psychoanalytic movement ; in Correspondence 1873-1939 it is replaced by three points.)

6. The revue Hebdomadaire The future, founded and directed by Maximilian Harden lian (1861-1927), was published in 1905 l'essai «Kryptomnesie» the Jung, 13^and year, fasc. The, p. 235-334, G.W., The.

7. Hermann Cohen, "Mythological idea of ​​God and soul» [Mythological representation of God and the soul], Journal of social psychology and linguistics, flight. WE, 1869, especially p. 121 sqq., the soul as a bird. Maeder was reported to work in this passage that mentions Jung supra, cf. 24 J, n. 3. Later, Abraham used the work of Cohen and Stein Thai, cf. 26 J, n. 2, for his treatise Myth and Dream, cf. 84 F, n. 2, treaty to which Jung, in return, refers in Metamorphoses and symbols of libido, part. II, chap.III.

8. Cf. 22 Annex F to 25 F.

9. Cf. 18 F.

10. Psychopathology of Everyday Life. Édition originale : Berlin, Karger 1901. Edition française : Paris, Payot, 1960. The examples of Jung found on pages 20, 29, 291.

11. John Bresler (1866-1936), Founder and Editor, with Vorbrodt, of the Journal of Psychology of Religion. Cf. also 23 F, n. 2.

12. "For sexual education for children» [Sexual explanations of Children, in : Sexual Life, Paris 1969, p. 7 sq.] et «hysteresis generic fantasies» [Hysterical fantasies]. Cf. 64 F.

13. Cf. 24 J, n. 1 (Isserlin), and 26 J, n. 5 (Heilbronner).

14. Courtly poet. The Tristan date de 1210 about. Reference citation : III, 469-70.

15. "The wonderful example of Freud in his Psychopathology of Everyday Life, where in verse Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor (Aeneid, 46a5), Freud manages to recover forgotten by his friend the word aliquis… the menstrual period that did not come to his mistress'. (Young, Dementia praecox, § 117.)

16 « Sigmund Freud : an obituary » [Sigmund Freud : nécrolo-logical instructions] Sunday supplement of Basler Nachrichten, XXXIII years, 4the, Basel, The^he October 1939 (G.W., 15). (Jung is not required testimony.)

26 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 24. In. 07.

Honored Professor!

Your Materials is beautiful! I recently read a line. The clarity of your presentation is fascinating, and must, I think, be struck by the gods sevenfold blindness not to see finally. But the real psychiatrists and psychologists to manage all! I do not be surprised if the academic side is brought to this occasion all the platitudes fools we have already raised against you. I must often try to put in the time before the reformation of my mind to experience psychological reasons that are raised against you. Long ago that I do not understand more. My thought then seems not only incorrect and incomplete in terms of understanding, but in truth also poor moral; it now seems like a great dishonesty to myself. You have probably perfectly right in seeking affects the resistance of opponents, especially affects sexual. I am extremely excited to see that the complex sexual tell your public Materials, Yet although harmless in this regard. What I am most angry, it would simply treating it with kindness. Jensen said that ⁽¹⁾ itself?

Can I ask you to tell me during what judgment you reserve literary side? A question that you put it down, open, and whose criticism may seize, is why the complex is repressed in Hanold. Why did he leave not carry on track with the singing of canaries and other perceptions?

The role of the bird is also fun. It is in any case for reasons of intelligibility that you did not go further in the direction of this symbol. Do you know the work of Steintlhal (2) the mythology of the bird?

My two silent pauses of recent times is due to the fact that I'm overworked. P^r Bleuler is ill and is in the bathroom for three weeks. During this time I have with me the school management and many other things. I recently made a little more work ⁽³⁾, "way annex", as you would. I had to prove something accurate about reproductive disorders, that goes without saying for you, Moreover, as for me; but you can not write in large letters on the back of these pachyderms, they do not understand. I will send you all the same thing later and you soustrairai not forgetfulness, as my last work on English exams galvanometer ⁽⁴⁾. My subconscious felt unpleasantly affected, Vienna, what you did not pay our electric exams interest their rightful. The revenge that was to come one day. Late finding!

I'm busy lately discussing Bezzola, also unsatisfactory manner. I examined his case and I myself tried repeatedly. This is the original method of Breuer-Freud, reinforced in the direction of hypnosis. It provides people with a mask and made him relate mainly visual images. It leaves many elements traumatic, it is repeated until they are exhausted. Good results, As far as I could control.

Many people subjected to testing begin in a state of self-hypnosis and sleep-live trauma. It seems to me that there was also confabulé, at least that's what my six year old child that I currently handles; she tells stories purely confabulées and avoids traumatic elements with extreme care. Among uneducated people I've had failures so far with this method. Frank focuses attention by suggestion in hypnosis the traumatic element (provided that there is a!) and a living repeatedly, until exhaustion. The effect of the two methods is not quite understandable for me. I suspect that both spend more or less next to the transposition accompanying. In one of my cases, I treated and, thing was clear to me; woman rented primarily the kindness with which I was interested in his business. I tormented for another two sessions without having any visual image, and it is only when I directly asked about dreams and sexuality she began to come alive. That there was wrong with it, Bezzola is that opposes you in blindness deepest, and it has also begun to lie about me. You better recognized its me - a little soul and […]. Resistance and division in your own camp there are worse.

Your Materials Bleuler said it was wonderful - is that these connections do exist in it, or you could put them anywhere? This sting still bites occasionally in Bleuler, but it is harmless. He is currently writing his work on dem. praec., that one is entitled to expect with impatience. It ensures the continuation of the great "battle Freudian".

In the last issue of the Journal of the entire criminal jurisprudence [General Review of Penal Law], Heilbronner ⁵ Utrecht submitted the diagnosis of de facto ⁶ a detailed critique. I'll send along the critical Isserlin. Receive, honored Mr. Pro-fessor, Best greetings from your always devoted

Young.

1. Wilhelm Jensen (1837-1911), German playwright and novelist, native of Holstein, which was read to the very time. See the postscript to his study of Freud on Materials.

2. Heymann Steinthal (1823-1899), German philosopher and philologist, which Jung often cited work in Metamorphoses and symbols of libido. Steinthal was the editor of the Journal of social psychology and linguistics [Journal of Psychology of peoples and linguistic], Berlin. See his essay The original form of the legend of Prometheus. [The original form of the legend of Prometheus], ibid., flight. II, 1862, p. 5 and 20 sq., where he discusses the symbolism of the bird. See also 27 F n. 7.

3. "On the reproduction failure in association experiment» [On the disorders of reproduction in the experience of association], Journal of Psychology and Neurology, flight. IX, 1907, G.W., 2.

4- Cf. 19 J, n. 2.

5. Karl Heilbronner, "The foundations of psychological Tatbes- dental diagnostics » [The foundations of psychological diagnosis for the establishment of the facts], flight. XXVII, 1907. Heilbronner (1869-1914), German psychiatrist, directed the University Hospital Utrecht.

6. "The Psychological Diagnosis of Evidence» [The psychological diagnosis for the establishment of the facts in judicial matters], Legal-psychiatric border issues, flight. IV, 1906, G.W., 2.

25 F

23 may 07.

Dear and honored colleague,

Because you make me wait so long for a response to the Materials, I have to believe that you are deeply engaged in the work of the dem. pr., and I do not want to wait any longer my information.

I see two problems in your writing : a) shall mean that the retraction of the libido away from the object, b) What are the differences between the paranoid projection outside and other projections. I'll tell you what I think.

a) I do not think not the libido withdraws from the real object to fall on the representation fantasy replacement, with which it conducts its game then auto-erotic. According to the meaning of words indeed, it is not auto-erotic as long as an object, that is a real object or fantasy. I believe instead that the libido leaves the object representation, which, by precisely devoid of investment designated as the inner, can be treated as a perception and projected outward. It can then be allowed so to speak coldly for a moment, and subjected to the test of reality usual. "They told me I like coitus. Well they say, but it is not true. "The successful repression would far, libido manifests itself then become free of any auto-erotic as in childhood. - I think all our misunderstandings arise because I do not have enough accentuated the process in two, decomposition of delivery and return of libido libido.

We can then build 3 case. 1) Repression by the process described successfully permanent, then this is the course that seems characteristic of the dem. pr. The projected object representation appears perhaps only temporarily in’ "Delusion", libido definitely runs in auto-eroticism, impoverishes the psyche as if you know exactly.

2) Or else, upon return of libido (failure of the projection), only a portion is directed Towards auto-eroticism, Another new research subject, which must now be found at the end perceptual, and that is treated as a perception. Then the delusion becomes more urgent, contradiction against her increasingly violent, and all combat defense comes again, as rejection of reality (repression turns into rejection [Rejection]), and this may continue for a period, until finally the newly incoming libido is still thrown to the auto-erotic, or in part is permanently fixed in the delirium of desire against the projected object. This is, in proportions varying mixtures, the course of the dem. praecox in the paranoid, If certainly the most impure and the most common,

3) Or the delivery fails completely, after reaching a while the projection object of desire. Libido newly incoming wins now become the object perception, produces extremely strong delusions, libido changes to belief, secondary processing of my trips; women also hides the paranoia, in which auto-eroticism fails to be fully, but the mechanism is, however, explained that through this series up to the dem. pr. complete.

These three patterns that I represent. You'll see what we can prove clinically, thus bringing into existence. I look for now that it is in the dem. pr. the return to pure auto-eroticism is doing the best. What you say is indeed conclusive! I repeat here in passing that I do not believe that the known mechanisms are demonstrable in dem. pr. and not in real paranoia as Bleuler thought.

b) Less clear, because I lack the fresh impressions, are my ideas on the problem (b), how is the paranoid projection from the hysterical projection and projection in amentia. It is certainly in the latter we have the hallucinatory fulfillment purest, where the image of the desired object perception becomes directly, by regression, - Discharge with no libido overvalued. Refoulement concerns me here instead the opponent and reality. There is not here either reversing the sign, pleasure is pleasure, it is not changed in displeasure as paranoia. So for this type - see my analysis of the past ⁽¹⁾ - Two characteristics : not discharge the desired object, subtract libido (with excessive force) to the object representation. This is also undergoing a reversal, a prolonged struggle and not a chronic paranoia as in (the. pr.).

In hysteria, the analogous process, hallucination of the idea of ​​what is desired with the subjugation me, occurs, as episode short in crisis, by regression from the object representation to the perception overvalued. Lability that characterizes hysteria. The repressed becomes, only temporarily, displacing the. During its course, any hysteria can become acutely psychotic hallucinations of the above-mentioned species.

In paranoia (which is the theoretical; the. pr. effect appears to be primarily a term clinical), representation of the desired object is never made directly, or by means of regression, due to excessive investment of libido. Here we have the first delivery through the projection, with libidinous investment diminished, and only secondarily on reinforcement by hallucination libido back after discharge. I must say, even if it is demonstrable that a good scheme, the regression and projection are two different processes, which also take different paths. Which is also characteristic of paranoia, is that the regression fades as; the idea of ​​what is desired is seen as word heard, and not as visual image; So it comes, by capacity-, thought processes. Visual hallucinations, certainly secondary, I still do not, it looks like a secondary regression.

The Destins of libido, where it is localized in relation to me and to the object, and variations in discharge regarding libido, and also the chronological thereof, this is what should be the characteristic of neuropsychoses [Neuropsychosen] and psychosis.

After these things more than difficult, something more comfortable. From your six year old girl you will definitely learned that the attack is a fantasy become aware, as we discovered during regular analysis, and as they have led me to recognize common sexual trauma in childhood. The therapeutic task is then to find the sources from which the child has reached his sexual knowledge. Children usually give little indication, but confirm what was said and that they guessed. Research in the family is essential. If it succeeds, This analysis gives the most challenging.

I must add something to Bleuler. Auto-eroticism is yet unequivocally identified in Three trials. Mentally, if you want, negatively. The fact that the child does not speak just as he starts to immediately and fully in the full transfer, as your observation also shows.

My patient is very informative Görlitz, as any errors. Everything was still in effect recognized, and dem. pr. is added. Mon Gymnasien, I speak of the Materials, who fled to the geometry, showed the best obsessional symptoms, the most beautiful fantasies. Also remained infantile in his genitals. I saw him there a few months, in demented apathetic.

With my cordial greetings and waiting for your answer,

Your cordially dedicated

D^r Freud.

24 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 13. In. 07.

Honored Professor!

Above all, I urge you to forgive me for the long break I am permitted. I could not not write Vou-lais earlier, to see a little clearer. I really wanted to first welcome and fully assimilate your notes on paranoia. First, the chronic! You will soon learn that assistant kraepelinien ⁽¹⁾ I was killed in the Zentralblatt Gaupp of a book review on dem. pr.. You are naturally included. It is touching seeing as he struggles all around the helpless thing. If you do not have the Zentralblatt, I can send you to build the handout I received. He nevertheless had to write explicit work on it. Now at least one draws with guns. But in the end the case was once again the effect on me, because I see that it is infinitely difficult to communicate your ideas to the people.

The auto-eroticism another triumph to bring to its active. We recently succeeded analysis in a catatonic cultivated and highly intelligent, which has a very good look. She walks always stiff and without affect and can with difficulty keep it in a good department, because it occasionally filthy with excrement. She told us spontaneously since she got sick, it becomes in his thought as a child, that old childhood memories emerge en masse, where she completely loses. When she defiled with excrement, it is simply the idea (in a state close to’ "No thoughts") do not sit on the seat of the cabi-net, but to defecate on a paper on the floor. Ble remarkable thing, she did that as a child. She had then, dit-elle, constipation and is too tired on the seat; she then began to defecate still on paper. The disease appeared also excited states local, with masturbation. Significantly, sexuality sensu strictiori does not at all on the psyche, but is in most cases local and is perceived as something alien and unwelcome, or at least it does not produce corresponding discharge.

I thought many times your "views on paranoia", also accompanied by Bleuler. The delusion that takes its origin in affect (= libido), that we are quite understandable. It seems to me that your explanation of the "outward projection" you can hear the genesis of the idea of ​​persecution. But in the d. pr. everything is projected outwardly. Delusions usually involve a mixture of disordered wish-fulfillment and obstacles. Up to now, I've always found the illuminating analogy : the ecstatic religious, wishing divinity, sees himself one day filled with the vision of divinity. But the contradiction with reality brings also the opposite : certainty is doubt, the devil and god sublimated sexual pleasure sexual anxiety mystical union, with all its historical ghosts. Here we see how desire creates directly outward projection, because there is a desire to reality. One can often find the same desire [Wish] in the unconscious of paranoid, except that the contrast tends to objectify. Persecution is then often simply compensated by a feeling of grandeur, happens less often to produce objectivations. In the paranoid dem. pr. however, the fulfillment of desire is much more frequent. When you say that the libido withdraws from the object, you probably want to say that it withdraws from the’real object reasons for normal delivery (obstacles, obvious impossibility of the fulfillment, etc.) and it turns to a fantasy of reality markdown, with which she begins her game auto-erotic classic. Projection towards the end of the original desire emanates perceptual reality, that, If it is impracticable, its reality is created on the hallucinatory mode. Only it succeeds in psychosis wrong, in that only the contrast is expressed objectively. Where did it come from? it is not yet quite clear to me, perhaps that the contrast component is reinforced by the normal component correction. I am extraordinarily grateful for any corrections you make to my design. It is only there that I hope to bring you.

Bleuler still lacks a clear definition of self- eroticism and its psychological effects specific. However, he accepted the concept for the presentation of the dem. pr. in the manual ² d'Aschaffenburg. It does not mean, however autoerotism (for reasons known), but "autism" or "ipsisme". To me, I'm already used to "auto-eroticism".

Your patient Görlitz now catatonic symptoms unmistakable level auto-erotic Lowest, it stains. This is what his father wrote me recently. A psychological treatment, even a simple analysis are totally excluded, Unfortunately, as I see it quite often in our daily catatonic.

Maeder ⁽³⁾ has now published analyzes of dreams in the past Archives of Psychology.

Here I also get your Materials (3). Please accept my heartfelt thanks ! I immediately put myself reading eagerly.

I am now in analytical treatment of a girl six years with excessive masturbation and Lies, after an alleged seduction by his foster father. The thing is very complicated ! Do you have experience with such small children? Except representation entirely without color and without trauma affects the consciousness, I did manage to get either spontaneously or by any suggestion abreaction accompanied affect. Currently, it seems that the trauma is a deception. But where the child knows all the stories she sex? Hypnosis is good and deep, but prevents the child with the greatest innocence all suggestions to represent the trauma. There is meaningful that this : in the first session she spontaneously hallucinating one - "small sausage roasting, whose wife said she was becoming bigger - ". When I asked where she saw so sausage, the child said quickly "on Mr. Doctor! "So everything you could want in fact transposition. But since the sex is completely blocked. No sign of d. pr. !

With lots of friendly greetings, Your most devoted

Young.

2. Cf. 272 J, n. 7.

3. Alphonse E. Maeder, "Test interpretation of some dreams", Archives of Psychology, flight. WE, 1906. Maeder (1882-1971), psychotherapy therapist Swiss, for some time president of the Zurich psychoanalytic, Jung followed after the break with Freud latter; later, Maeder developed a technical analysis short and joined the Oxford Movement.

4- Delusions and Dreams in "Gradiva" W. Jensen. Ed. orig. : Journals in applied psychology, fasc. 1, Leipzig et Vienne 1907. Ed. franç., Paris, 1971. Cf. Jones, II, p. 362. : "It was Jung who drew attention [of Freud] on this story, and it was, According to Jung, wrote his little book on purpose to make him happy. "This correspondence supports this assertion, however, affect; Perhaps he confuses the Jones Materials with the volume of new About Powers [Higher powers] the same Jensen, Jung pointed out that, in fact, Freud.

23 F

21. 4. 07.

Dear and honored colleague,

It's a nice thing you asked me so many questions, although you know that I can only answer the smallest part of them; for me also the exchange of thoughts with you becomes a need, at least Sunday.

I see that you are closer to the idea of ​​regression to enforce self-eroticism of the. pr. I can not do anything there, not under the impression material, and I know you learn more than three detailed analyzes in detail that all we can ever tinkering in his office. I've recently sent, that was such a provenance, has value only as it is retroactive conclusions on the matter, always on my mind, the other two PN [= Psychoneuroses]. (And let you understand such abbreviations). Overall I think we need to have patience in resolving issues, until we have learned much. It is authorized in the meantime to make assumptions, for example in the form of hysterical many cases starting in the manner of obsessional neurosis. Theory can easily understand what is tried first, is a kind of defense in the usual hysteria (curb the unconscious representation of affect invested libidinous), which then, when it is no longer enough, is replaced by the much more radical defense and what setting fatal cleavage investment and retraction in me. According to this, If would be really early hysteria and later to transform. pr.

You observe that it would be incorrect to say that hysteria becomes d. pr. ; rather it is discontinued and replaced by the d. pr. Our ways of expressing ourselves indeed become accessible to the judgment and if we write the state of accurate representations of the process of repression. Other cases may begin directly by the method of defense characteristic of. pr. ; in other cases, it remains to hysteria, because "somatic compliance" allows an abundant eruption. The analogous example of the organic field is for example the report of tabes and paralysis. Paralysis usually adds only a very thin tabes; It is well known that the subsequent métaluétique process is not progressing if true tabes blindness develops. Can we discern that from the outset in the process? This will remain a matter of finer diagnosis or further deepening of the experience.

I am very surprised that the return to auto-eroticism is needed in your case with the results as grandiose. Probably the youth is really the condition, and a passage once badly done self-eroticism love object is it the element predisposing, which should be sought in the’ "Originating" authors. Roughly expressed : dementia would be the success of this return, para-noia its failure, that is to say, the return of libido returning perceptions. Added to all intermediate. Return to auto-eroticism is really as destroying the integrity of the person you suppose. Throughout the process, should also take into consideration all components libidinous, especially bisexuality. If only I could leave my business plan and discuss with you the most informative and certainly form more understandable FN; but unfortunately I have to save my life and I have to stay in the daily task, that in this moment I am very tired.

A determination of catatonia does not seem to me absolutely necessary. (Il me faudrait relire Riklin ⁽¹⁾ about it.) The movement of investment must indeed be related to major changes in the innervation, So physiological, as in hysteria. I naturally interprets the movement of the sensation of sexual arousal in the region of the anus in the dem. pr. and other perversions in the direction of the "theory of sexuality", not as displacements, but as restitution of the former primary power of these erogenous zones, who thus betray beautifully in the d. pr. The recess is located in the stomach area of ​​the mouth, respectively in the anterior zone, stomach comprising, du intestinal tract, cf. hysteria. I have not read the work of solfier. I also know him (hysteria, memory), is the inane chatter and grossly misinterpreted the nature. You will find that I ton again pope against heretics. But then I see things in two different ways?

I must say that what you said in the last letter of the reaction behavior of a patient dem. pr., the lack of resistance of the analysis, the fugitive nature of the transfer, this causes the diagnosis of virtually autoerotism. It is obvious that this auto-eroticism presents itself differently in children. The senile idiocy is also very different intellectual child behavior, even if it is a regression to infantile degree. It lacks the ability to make progress, here and there. The aphasia and child learning to speak well give us the same differences.

My comparison between obsessional neurosis and religion ⁽²⁾yesterday appeared in the first issue of the new Journal for Psychology of Religion [Journal of Psychology of Religion]. I do not yet have reprints. It also requires me to wait the Materials.

Maybe you can take the boy later Görlitz. It should be very informative.

Do not be too overwhelmed by the burden of my substitute. You are young to want, self-catering, you may well be the’onus, but not the’odium the thing, and you engrangerez in the years to come the full reward of labor. In consideration of the importance of the case, resistance is perhaps not even so exorbitant.

Let me soon hear of the new Burghölzli. When Bleuler and you'll also accepted the theory of libido, there should be an audible noise in the literature.

Your cordially dedicated

D^r Freud.

2. "Compulsions and religious practice» [Obsessive actions and religious exercises], G.W., VIII. Ed. in French The Future of an Illusion, Paris, 1932. Freud had read passages during the session 6 March, which took part Jung and Binswanger (et le names 2 March, as stated incorrectly Jones, II, p. 35). See Minutes, The, p. 142.

21 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 17. IV. 07.

Honored Professor!

Thank you for your great communications! Unfortunately I have to tell you right away that we have absolutely no place in our institution at the moment, This is very unfortunate. We are again in a period of more terrible congestion. On this occasion I would like to mention that our department residents, in comparison due to the establishment of state, is not a luxury somptu them-, but simply means adapted to bourgeois. The board price for foreigners is 10-12 francs per day maximum. A private guard back a little more 2 francs per day. It is cheap and moderately well. As I said we are currently overwhelmed and it is unfortunately quite impossible to take your patient. I hope this does not set a precedent, because I would be very happy to consider a case one day you know thoroughly. In a few weeks we will possibly already in a position to welcome new patients.

I understand that you must deeply reluctant to risk cockfighting, as it is and not otherwise that the public sees something, and it satisfies his bloodlust sublimated. As I am less deeply committed, and there is no defense of my own children, it attracts me still partly try me once in the arena. Identification with will be very flattering later, mainte-ing honor cum onere.

Your case is very interesting. Access seem more hysterical than catatonic. However, the voices are more worrying, it already shows a very deep cleavage and low resistance level mental *. I have met many cases who have spent so apparently flat hysteria or obsessional neurosis to d. pr.. But while there I did not know absolutely! These cases were they already previously, but so unknowable, from. pr.?? We still know too little, nothing actually, the intimate nature of the. pr., of’ so that we could go as ancient physicians who believed that croupous pneumonia sometimes turning into tb. [Tuberculosis]. There you can riddling ment, at some point in the development of some complex interconnected, the relationship with the environment partially or completely stop, the influence of the objective world and increasingly fall into place appear subjective creations, suraccentuées which are relative to the fact. This condition remains steady principle, oscillates only in the intensity. There are even cases die simply that self- eroticism (de façon aiguë, without autopsy gives results) (symbolic death?) If in these cases is not very large anatomical surprises, we must admit the’ « inhibition ». It must be why a constraint to properly infernal autoerotism, far beyond all known limits; maybe a boost that comes from an organic brain's inability. For auto-eroticism is so un-necessary, suicide so early, that while we should rise against him. And it still produces.

This "still" remember that recently a young catatonic grown drank half of stool night of his fellow sufferers, with obvious enjoyment. He masturbates from an early age, premature sexual activity with his sister. Catatonic at puberty. He hallucinated sister in question, which occasionally appears also as the Christ (Bisexuality). Then there was worsening, of intense hallucinations but unknown, which relate in part to the sister. Growing unrest, masturbates continuously, rhythmically pushes his finger alternately in the mouth and anus, drink urine and eat feces. Is it not, a very handsome return autoerotic !

In many cases I was struck by this :

The sensations of sexual arousal to move in the. pr. (women) frequently from their original location to and around the anus. Lately I've even seen a case where they were located in the pit of the stomach. Masturbation anus common in d. pr.

Does the pit of the stomach is also part of the infant theory of sexuality? I've never seen traveling to other parts of the body.

The catalepsy is common in the acute phases of catatonia.

In hysteria I have observed a case, where an arm stiffened catalepsy was a symbol of penis. But what the general stiffness and flexibilitas required in catatonia? Logically it should also have a psychological determination. It is one of the most serious symptoms of the lower stage, where usually the most blatant self-eroticism appear. Catalepsy appears to be more common in women; it is certainly more common in individuals of both sexes who become ill early, as well as in general this seems to break down much deeper and have a worse than those who fall ill late prognosis; they generally seem to stop the delusions and hallucinations (hypothesis Lugaro ⁽¹⁾).

Bleuler looks more of auto-erotic side, that is to- say in theory only. Here is your "truth running * ». Do you have access to Journal of Abnormal Psychology? Sollier ⁽²⁾ reported in Volume I, No. 7 the "cenesthetic disorders" at the beginning of the. pr., which are related to the processing of the personality. He claims to have had the same experience in the hysteria when the "restitution of personality" (transposition?) : Storm afïects, pulsation vessels, anxiety, detonations, wheezing, tightness etc.. etc. in the head. *. Have you seen something similar? Excuse my rage question!

Your grateful and devoted

Young.

* Rousseau (Confessions), similar case^[4].

1. Ernesto Lugaro (1870-1940), psychiatre italien. The’ "Hypothesis" has not been identified; from a personal information D^r Assa- gioli, it could be the theory of pseudo-hallucination Lugaro.

2. Paul Sollier (1861-1933), psychiatrist in Boulogne-sur-Seine. La cita­tion provient de « On Certain Cenesthetic Disturbances with particu­lar Reference to Cerebral Cenesthetic Disturbances as Primary Manifes­tations of a Modification of the Personality », Journal of Abnormal Psy­chology, flight. II, No. 1, April to May 1907. (The reference given by Jung is inaccurate.

4. The Confessions, part. 1, life. WE, 1738. Note Jung is added along the left margin.

* In French in the text. (N.d.T.)