FREUD-JUNG 1907

9 ^J

Burghölzli Zurich, 29. XII. 1906.

Honored Professor!

I sincerely regret having caused you, just me, much trouble. I understand that you can not be satisfied with anything less than my book ⁽¹⁾, because I treat your search with too little regard. I am perfectly aware of this. My overriding principle at the time of writing was : respects to the public German scholar. If you do not bother to submit any that seven-headed monster so appetizing on a plate, it does not accept, what we've seen on countless occasions. This is why it is absolutely in the interests of the cause to heed all the elements that are likely to whet your appetite. For the time being, Unfortunately, there must be a certain reserve and a semblance of independent judgment regarding your research. This is what determined the general character of my writing. The more specific your opinions corrections are certain points that seem to me other than you. This is probably due : The. That my material is totally different from yours. I work in conditions made terribly difficult in the mentally ill generally uneducated, and more about the extremely refractory material of dementia praecox. II. My education, my community and my scientific premises are all extremely different cases of yours, III. My experience is extremely thin in front of yours, IV. As for the quantity and quality of psychoanalytic gift, it should probably also be a significant difference in your favor. A V. the lack of personal contact with you, this unfortunate gap in my education is a circumstance which must play a significant role. For these reasons, I consider the views of my book as absolutely provisional and is simply introductory. As you I am extraordinarily grateful for criticism, even if it is not very sweet to hear, because what is missing here is the opposition, I mean of course an authorized opposition. I deeply regret that your interesting letter was so soon interrupted.

You have found the weaknesses of my dream analysis ⁽²⁾. I do not know in fact much more than I have said about the material and the dream thoughts. I know perfectly the dreamer : this is me. The’ "Failure of rich marriage ⁽³⁾ "Key something essential, which is undoubtedly contained in the dream, only in a manner somewhat different from what you think. My wife ⁽⁴⁾ is rich. I firstly turned down, for various reasons, when I made my request; later I had his approval and I got married. I am happy with my wife in all respects (not only by optimism), which of course does not preclude such dreams. There is therefore no sexual failure, but a social failure. The explanation screen, "Sexual restraint", is simply, as I said, movement at hand, in the background stands an illegitimate sexual desire, which is better not to see the light of day. A defining the small rider, that awakens first in analyzing the performance of my head, is the desire of a boy (because we have two girls ⁽⁵⁾). My boss is determined because it has two boys ⁽⁶⁾. I could not find anywhere infant root. I also feel that the "package" is insufficiently clarified. But I do not know the interpretation. So, that the dream is not completely analyzed, I still thought I could use to illustrate the symbolism of dreams. It is true that the analysis and the use of his own dreams is always a tricky thing, because we always succumb again inhibitions emanating from dream, still is believed to be as objective as possible.

Regarding the notion of "indistinct (7) » *, I understand that you must appear unsympathetic to your point of view. This is a concept that does not prejudge too much, and does not seem to me not as the last word. Its advantages are as yet : The. in the psychology of Wundt ⁽⁸⁾, it mediates, and 2. it is a pictorial comparison, allowing common sense to also enter the consequences deduced from the concept. I think it illuminates simply the’ ability to move [Displacement] expression without say where or when to. Finally, we might also say representation "poor associations" instead of "indistinct". However, I prefer "indistinct". I do not know if there is an error of principle behind it. For now you are the only one to decide. But please, do not think that I tend to all price differentiate myself from you by differing opinions can. I say things as I understand it and as I think they are just. Differentiation also come too late, because the great gentlemen of psychiatry have forsaken me. Simply they read in a report that I have defended your point of view. The Aschaffenburg conference enormously raised the atmosphere against you. In the face of these considerable challenges, there is probably nothing more than the dose refracts ⁽⁹⁾ and another form of the drug.

Your fully committed

Young.

2. Üabout the psychology of dementia praecox G.W., 3, § 123-133. The dream is to § 123 : "I live like horses hoisted by thick ropes to an indefinite height. One, un fort cheval brown, which was tied in belts and transported up as a package, struck my attention, when suddenly the rope broke and the horse was thrown into the street. He must be dead. He however jumped and went galloping. I noticed that the horse was dragging behind him a heavy tree trunk and was surprised that it still moving as fast. He had apparently taken the bit in his teeth and could easily cause an accident. Then came a rider on a pony, who walked slowly in front of the runaway horse, which then also somewhat moderated its pace. However, I still feared that the horse jumped over the rider, when a carriage came, who began to move in front of the rider not, moderating the pace of the horse still packed. I thought then : Now all is well, the danger is past. »

3. Probably a quote from the letter lost Freud

4. Emma Jung, born Rauschenbach (1882-1955).

5. Agathe («Agathli»), born in 1904, a Gret («Grethli»), born in 1906.

6. Manfred Bleuler, born in 1903, psychiatrist deemed, like his father, a professor at the University of Zurich and director of the asylum Burghölzli, of 1942 at 1969. Cf. also 188 F, n. 2. Richard Bleuler (1905-1973), who studied agronomy at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and spent most of his life in Morocco as a farmer and agronomist.

7. Cf. Young, G.W., 3, § 133-135.

8. Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920), professor of psychology and physiology at Leipzig; his famous work in the field of experimental psychology announce the association experiments Jung.

9. "In split and repeated doses".

I F

30. XII. 06.

Honored colleague ⁽¹⁾, Maybe you can get something useful from the following observation, despite its brevity : I was called as a consultant physician of a woman 26 years old, which is six weeks of her first child, and whose condition has developed almost at the middle of pregnancy. The doctor, which is fairly aware of our views, reported that the woman gives as a reason for severe depression accused of having made "brutalized" (2) the habit in childhood to hold urine long, until discharge could provide him with sexual feelings. She said she continued it for a while in marriage, but have subsequently dropped (when the disease has probably begun). She found a love after long struggles in his family and an attendance of six years, loves her husband (he is an actor), but remained completely insensitive in the sex trade. The patient says here that she never thought that her husband might be the cause of his dissatisfaction, and she knows that it is only her fault. The emergence of a mood change was probably due to the expectations that were attached to the next delivery. She always claimed that she would not be able to normally a child into the world, and when forceps was necessary, she triumphed, having kept because. Child, she said quite seriously that he is hopelessly "asshole". She has repeatedly attempted suicide, not entirely without ensuring, husband and written farewell letters a deep sadness. She even ran away once, but is simply made with one of her sisters, in which she played the piano. She sometimes beat the child. Asked if she loves, it responds : yes, but it is not good.

The excited states of nature are not delusional entirely absent. One is struck by statements that make his illness cause delusions of grandeur : a state like hers is never seen, doctors can not help him and will long to understand. She argues with great penetration, is totally impervious to persuasion, says she remembers very little of his life and also the things she accuses. This is-exactly the’ "Stupidity" in his brain, she can not think clearly, not think about anything, only illness is especially clear for her. Although overall it makes an impression quite sad, there is undoubtedly a natural assignment without his speeches and gestures. The doctor said it appears to him as an actress (eye movements as I have not really seen that in paranoia).

We have previously called this masturbatory insanity, descrip-tion is quite reject. Do not hold you for a dementia praecox? The revelation of the etiology, so carefully guarded for itself in the hysteria, do you think it not interesting in this case?

We could not draw more. This is an initial case, I probably see him again in several weeks. Pardon the importunity.

Yours colleague,

D^r Freud.

2. And allemand : stupid (N.d.T.).

8 F

6. XII. 06.

IX, Berggasse 19.

Honored colleague.

Certainly you draw your conclusions from this "acceleration reaction time ⁽¹⁾ "And I guess that welcomed your last letter without restriction or auxiliary hypothesis. I thought that you let your true opinions change to an educational effect, and I am very glad to make the acquaintance of such a distortion free.

I deal, as you well know, all the devils we can drop against the "innovative"; one of them, not the most docile, is forced to appear on my own supporters as a morose * or a fanatic, incorrigible and constantly wanting to be right, I'm really not at all. It is understandable that, left so long alone with my opinions, I was led to increase my confidence in my own decisions. Occupation of fifteen years, always thorough and managed for years to an exclusive monotonous, also gives me a kind of resistance against accepting invitations to different things. (I am currently ten hours of psychotherapy per day.) But I'm always remained convinced of my fallibility, and I returned the matter any number of times, so I do not freeze in an opinion. You yourself once raised the flexibility of my views as a sign of a development process ⁽²⁾.

I subscribe unrestricted feedback on the therapeutic ⁽³⁾. I had the same experience and I feared for the same reasons to say publicly that more : "This method takes us further than any other". I do not even want to pretend that all is curable and hysteria, all that much less is known of the name.

As I attached no importance to the frequency of healing, I have often taken treatment also brushed the psychotic cases, or forms of delirium (delirium observation [Compliance delusion], anxiety etc. blush.), and at least I learned there that the same mechanisms extend far beyond to the borders of hysteria and obsessional neurosis. We can not give explanations for ill-intentioned people; so I kept to myself a lot of things he should say, the limits of the mechanism and its therapeutic, or so I presented so that only the initiated recognize. There you will have noticed that our healings occur through the establishment of a reigning libido in the unconscious (transfer), encountered most surely in hysteria. It is she who provides the necessary drive force input and translation of the unconscious; where it refuses, the patient does not bother and do not listen when we propose the translation we found. This is actually a healing love. It is therefore also transfer the strongest evidence, the only unassailable, neuroses that depend on the love life.

He is extremely nice as you promise to give me your faith for the moment, then your experience will not allow you decision yet, ment only, of course, until you allow one. I think - in criticizing myself I believe the most severe - I deserve the credit. But I do requires that very few people.

I hope to learn a lot in this writing you, announced long, on dementia praecox. I am not yet sure about its position of distinction with paranoia, nor for all denominations in this recent, and I confess a certain disbelief in communication Bleuler ⁴ that the delivery mechanisms are demonstrable in dementia but not paranoia. My experience, certainly, is thinner in this area. I will try, is, you believe.

Your cordially dedicated

D^r Freud.

2. Young, "Psychoanalysis and association test», G.W., 2, § 660.

3. This paragraph and the following are cited by Jones, flight. II, two read errors.

4. Bleuler, "Freudian mechanisms in the symptomatology of psychosis' [Freudian mechanisms in the symptomatology of psychosis], Psychiatric and neurological weekly, flight. VIII, 1906-1907; see the report of Jung in "Proceedings of the psychological works by Swiss authors" of Yearbook, II, 1, 1910. [The reports written by Jung found in G.W., 18.]

* And allemand : Grouch. (N.d.T.)

7 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 4. XII. 1906

Honored Professor!

I must first of all express my sincere appreciation for what you do not want to have me in various parts of my "apology ⁽¹⁾ ». If I allowed myself to certain restrictions, it was nothing to criticize your doctrine, but by political, As you have probably noticed. As you rightly say, I let the opponents of freedom replicate, in the conscious intention not to make too difficult revocation. It will be hard enough as it. If we attack the opponent as he really deserves, it does not follow that discord big misfortunes, which would that disadvantageous consequences. As already, found my critique too harsh. If I am happy with any part of what we can defend, this is simply because I can not defend so many things that I learned myself in the experience, and that, compared to your experience, is naturally very little. I'm just about to understand many of your assertions me and some are still inaccessible, by which I do not mean, understand me, you are wrong. I gradually learned to be cautious in disbelief as.

I saw enough that the opposition has its roots in the emotions, and I know no reason remedy in this.

If I underestimate seemingly therapeutic success of psychoanalysis ⁽²⁾, it is only against diplomatic; I make the following observations :

1. The bulk of the hysterical uneducated is unfit to psychoanalysis. I did here some bad experiences. In these cases hypnosis occasionally gives better results.

2. More psychoanalysis will know, more doctors devote themselves unfit and there will, of course a lot of bad experiences. It will then it to your account and the your science.

3. The concept of hysteria is still almost entirely inéclairci. It is still under the diagnosis of’ "Hysteria" countless cases of mild hebephrenia, and in those of the result is doubtful bad, I know from my own experience. (In some exceptions, it is true that the result was good temporarily.) Seen in a recent publication of the Heidelberg Clinic ⁽³⁾ how he reigns some clarity in this area : a CAS indubitable catatonia there was declared as a hysteria.

For these reasons I considered prudent not to rely too much on the therapeutic success, otherwise it will quickly gathered material suitable to show that the therapeutic outcome is very bad, that would hurt the theory also.

Personally, I am full of enthusiasm for your treatment and I know very well appreciate the excellent services. Generally, your education means to us, now already, an enormous increase in our knowledge and expression of a new era of infinite possibilities.

Your very devoted

Young.

2. Psychoanalysis, form of the word used in the Zurich group

3. Has not been identified.

6 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 26. XI. 19o6.

Honored Professor!

In the same letter you will receive a reprint, a response to the conference Aschaffenburg (1). I arranged a little thing my subjective point of view, That is why you will perhaps not agree with everything. I hope I did not hurt you with it! In any case I wrote honest conviction. Moreover, I also pleaded your cause in Tübingen ⁽²⁾ the assem-bly of alienists, in the face of opposition overwritten health-, in wherein the Privy Hoche ⁽³⁾ distinguished himself by the stupidity of his arguments. Fortunately, the Gaupp ⁽⁴⁾ is then stored a little more on our side, assuming that at least something worth being examined.

I recently rescanned an obsessional neurosis in a German colleague - naturally again complexes sex up to the seventh year! After the first session already, disappearance of anxiety, However, that still shows a strong tendency to reappear, course only subsequent to trauma. I think it is extremely important for the therapeutic there already or not tic provisions and habits of thought already stereotyped (formatting cleavage *, by habit, all the unpleasant). As far as I've seen, the’ "Hysteria tumance deliv- ** "Usually responds poorly to the analysis.

It may interest you to know that D^r Frank ⁽⁵⁾, the former director of the insane asylum Münsterlingen, here also uses your analysis with great success and has created a great practice in a very short time. There is still a great connoisseur and practicing your method, D is the^r Bezzola ⁽⁶⁾, médecin-chef du sanatorium lock hardware, canton de Thurgovie. Both agree to try your method is an event that opens up new avenues for neurological practice. They both spoke recently in this direction in Tübingen. This makes them both fun nonetheless (humanly) to allow you to depart on a few points. You see that your design made rapid progress in Switzerland. In Germany, however, it seems that the current generation must first destroy. It stifles the prejudices.

With expressing my respect, Your most devoted

Young.

2. Congress of the Association of Psychiatrists in southwestern Germany, 3-4 November 1906; see report in : International journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, flight. XXX, N.S. XVIII, The^he March 1907, p. 185, with a quote from Jung.

3. Alfred Erich Hoche (1865-1943), professor of psychiatry at Freiburg im Breisgau; decided opponent of psychoanalysis.

4. Robert Eugene Gaupp (1870-1953), professor of neurology and psychiatry at Tübingen. Editor of International journal of Neurology and Psychiatry.

5. Ludwig Frank ( 1863-1935), neurologue à Zurich, supporter of Forel. Cf. 17 J, n. 4.

6. Dumeng Bezzola (1868-1936), psychiatrist from the Grisons, one of the leaders of the anti-alcohol.

* And allemand : Secession. (N.d.T.)

** And allemand : « Habituation hysteria ". (N.d.T.)

27. X. o6.

IX, Berggasse 19.

Honored colleague,

My thanks to the new analysis. You really have not been very successful, and also "transfer", primary evidence of the sexual nature of the drive force at all, You seem to have emerged with sufficient clarity. As for the "critical", we do not want to do that once critics have gained some experience own.

I have nothing in principle against the equal rights of other basic impulse, if she would announce its claims in a manner not psychoneurosis unrecognizable. What we can see in hysteria and obsessional neurosis leaves explain without difficulty by the anastomoses between the two, therefore the damage to the sexual component of the drive power. I recognize that these are issues "sensitive", that still require a thorough. I confine myself for the moment to draw attention to what appears grossly and obviously, on the role of sexuality. We may also find, in melancholia-mania, in psychosis, what we lack in hysteria and obsessional neurosis.

What is pleasing in your Russian, is that it is a student; uneducated people are currently far too little transparent for us. The history of defecation is nice that you bring, not without many similarities. You might remember this statement in my Theory of Sexuality ⁽¹⁾, that the retention of feces is already operated by the infant as a source of pleasure acquisition. The 3^and– 4^and year is the most important period for sexual activity after pathogen (ibid). The view from the beaten brother awakens a memory trace back to the 1^re– 2^and year or a fantasy forward at this time. It is not uncommon for small children defile the hands of the wearer. Why did not he would be arrived? And therefore his memory awakens tenderness of his father in early childhood. Infantile fixation of the libido to the father, typical, as object choice; Self anal eroticism. Then chooses its position must be decomposed into its components, it seems also formed other components. Which? Anal excitement must then be recognizable in symptoms such instinctual strength, even in the character. Such people have some typical combinations of traits frequently. They are very ordinates, greedy and stops, traits that are somehow sublimation of anal eroticism ⁽²⁾. Cases like this, based on a perversion repressed, are especially beautiful to see through.

So you have bored me at all. I have great pleasure to receive your items, and am, with my college greetings most dedicated, your

D^r Freud.

2. Cf. Character and anal eroticism, 1908 [Anal eroticism and nature], where these ideas are developed by Freud two years later. G.W., VII. See also 77 F, n. 6.

4 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 23. X. 1906

Honored Professor!

In the same letter I would send you back a reprint, which contains new research in psychoanalysis¹. I do not think that you will view the "sexual" I will defend to excessively moderate. This is the same as the criticism will pounce.

As you observe, it is possible that my deference to your views are so far based on insufficient experience. But do not you think that we can perhaps consider a series of frontier points rather under the aspect of the other basic impulse, the hunger? Such as eating, suck (preponderance of hunger), kiss (preponderance of sexuality). Two complexes that exist simultaneously does not always have to blend psychologically, so that one always has the constellations of the other? Perhaps you also think that only; then is that I do not really understand, and in this case I would be quite of your opinion. Yet you feel frightened by the positivism of your presentation.

I need you to abreact, leaves you bored, experience that I experienced recently. I currently treats hysteria depending on your method. Serious case, a stu-dent Russian, sick for six years ².

The^he trauma : 3^and-4^and year. She sees her father hit his brother on the bare posterior. Strong impression. Forced to think then she defecated on the hands of his father. From 4^and to 7^and year, forces applied to defecate on his own feet, as follows : she sits on the floor with one foot tucked under her, Press the foot against the anus and tries to defecate and at the same time to prevent defecation. Thus retains several times until the stool 2 week! Do not know how it came to this strange story; she said it was quite impulsive, with a sense of voluptuous thrill. Later this has been replaced by a violent masturbation.

I would be extremely grateful if you could contact me in a few words your opinion on this story.

With the expression of my respect.

Your very devoted

C. G. Young.

1. Probably "Assoziation, Dreams and hysterical symptom ", [Association, dreams and hysterical symptom], Journal of psychology and neurology, VII, 1906, G, W., 2. Jung writes here Psychoanalyse, although it seems to prefer this time Psychoanalysis. Cf. also 7 J, n. 1.

2. Jung describes the case in "Die Freudsche Hysterietheorie" [The Freudian theory of hysteria] G.W., 4 § 53-58. This conference is made in Amsterdam 1907.

3 F

7. X. 06.

IX, Berggasse 19.

Although honored colleague,

I am much pleased with your letter, and the news that Bleuler you converted me to express special thanks. That you extend not quite your appreciation of my psychology my views on the question of hysteria and sexuality, that I had long suspected based on your written; I do not, however, waive the expectation that over the years you approach me more than you can hold for now. You must have just learned of your beautiful analysis of a case of obsessional neurosis ⁽¹⁾ knows how the sexual component to hide, and what it is capable, Once unveiled, to provide for the understanding and treatment. I continue to hope that this part of my discoveries will prove the most important.

I will not respond to the attack of Aschaffenburg, for reasons of principle, and also because of the lack of kindness which he personally testifies. I would judge naturally a little more severely than you. I do not find there that nonsense and ignorance more enviable state of things in which he wears his judgment. He continues to fight hypnosis, abandoned a decade, shows no understanding of the symbolism the simplest (see his note) ⁽²⁾, the meaning of which linguists and folklorists could enlighten, if he does not accept this lesson I. What drives, like so many other "authorities", is of course the tendency to repress the sexual, this factor annoying and frowned upon in polite society. Two worlds fighting there, and that little is held within life there will soon be no doubt as to who decline and those who will be victorious. Of course I expect myself to many battles yet, and considering my age (The), I can not believe I see the end. But my students, I hope, will present, and I also hope that those who manage, for the love of the truth, to overcome internal resistance, happy to count among my students and their thoughts extirperont remnants of hesitation. I do not know Aschaffenburg also, but after this test I designed a very poor opinion of him.

The book you advertise on dem. praecox is impatiently awaited me-ment. Let me say that work like yours and those of Bleuler give me satisfaction every time, necessary eventually anyway, for not being accomplished quite unheard work so hard in my life.

Your devoted and respectful colleague.

D^r Freud.

My "transfer" should completely fill the gap in the mechanism of healing (your personal report).

2. Cf. the notes 18 section Aschaffenburg, where the author describes some absurd interpretations of Freud.

2 J

Burghölzli Zurich, 5. X. 1906 (1).

Honored Professor!

Receive the most dedicated my thanks for your kind sending. This collection of various small your written ⁽²⁾ should be highly welcome anyone who wants to assimilate quickly and thoroughly your view. Hopefully in the future will increase your scientific community constantly, despite the attacks that‘Aschaffenburg (3), applauded by the authorities, has brought to your teaching, we would almost say to your person. What is sad in these attacks, this is only my opinion Aschaffenburg clings to things outside, while the merits of your teaching are in the psychological, psychiatrists and psychologists modern observance dominate too little. I recently exchanged a lively correspondence ⁽⁴⁾ with Aschaffenburg about your education, and I have defended the view aforesaid, with which, honored Professor, you are perhaps not entirely agree. What I can estimate the range, and made us move here on psychopathology, what are your views psychological, while the genesis and treatment of hysteria are still, given the paucity of our material hysterical, quite far from my mind; that is to say, I think your treatment based not only on the effects of abreaction, but also some personal relationships ⁽⁵⁾, and the genesis of hysteria seems to be, of predominantly but not exclusively, sexual. I see the same attitude towards your theory of sexuality. Aschaffenburg, by relying exclusively on these delicate theoretical issues, forget the main, your psychology, where it is certain that one day psychiatry derive a profit inexhaustible. I hope soon to send you a little book ⁽⁶⁾ in which I consider your point of view, dementia praecox and psychology. I also published the first case ⁽⁷⁾ where I made Bleuler ⁽⁸⁾ attention to the existence of your principles, which still faced stiff resistance on his part. But as you know, Bleuler is now absolutely converted.

With the expression of my respect

your grateful and devoted

C. G. Young.

2. Collection of small fonts for neuroses [Small collection of writings on the theory of neurosis], vol I, Vienna, 1906, G. W., I et V].

3. Gustav Aschaffenburg (1866-1944), professor of psychiatry and neurology at Heidelberg, then Halle and Cologne; from 1939 practitioner and teacher in Baltimore and Washington, U.S.A. His attack is contained in a speech he made the 27 may 1906 Congress of neurologists and psychiatrists in southwest Germany in Baden-Baden : "The relationship between sexual life and the appearance of nervous and mental diseases". Cf. Munich medical weekly, LIII, 3, 11 September 1906. Cf. Jones also, The life and work of Sigmund Freud, 3 flight., Paris, 1958- 1969 (henceforth abbreviated : Jones), II, p. 117.

4. This correspondence seems lost

5. See 19 J, n. 1.

6. About the psychology of dementia praecox, see 9 J, n. 1.

7. No doubt if the seamstress B. St., ibid [G. W., 3] § 198 sq.

8. Paul Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939), of 1898 at 1927 professor of psychiatry at the University of Zurich and director of the asylum Burghölzli, succeeding his master Forel. Formerly director of the asylum Rhei-nau (canton de Zurich) twelve years. Cf. Walser, Rheinau, p. 27 sq. One of the great pioneers of psychiatry, particularly of dementia praecox, he was the first to call "schizophrenia". See 272 J n. 7 on his important treatise. Under the direct influence of the psychoanalytic method, he gave important contributions to the understanding of autism and ambivalence. It might have been sensitive to the ideas of Freud 1901 already, Jung did when do a presentation on The Interpretation of Dreams to physicians Burghölzli. He pleaded his life against alcoholism. Its Textbook of Psychiatry [Manual of Psychiatry], Berlin, 1916, authority is still. See also 2.7*2 J n. 8.